英語訳
**[Right Page, Upper Section]**
*(Continued from previous page — Flood damage in Nara Prefecture)*
...the entire area was buried under sand and silt. Furthermore, in Uda District, the water level in the upper reaches of the Uda River exceeded two *jō* four *shaku* (approximately 7.3 meters), causing a breach of over twenty *ken* (approximately 36 meters) of embankment. As a result, floodwaters in the town of Haibara reached a maximum depth of over one *ken* (approximately 1.8 meters), with seven houses washed away and over 130 houses flooded. Casualties among people and livestock are currently under investigation, etc.
---
**● Flood Damage in Wakayama Prefecture**
On August 30th, a severe storm caused widespread damage throughout the prefecture. Most notably, in the town of Gojō, the Yoshino River suddenly flooded, bursting a one-hundred-*ken* (approximately 180-meter) embankment at Ōshima, and the ensuing floodwaters inundated 623 households across the two districts of Shinmachi and Sue. In the worst-affected areas, the water reached the rooftops. Residents tried to obtain boats to escape, but all the small boats moored along the riverbanks had been carried away by the current, leaving people with no recourse but to cry for help from their second floors or rooftops. The Gojō Police Station made every effort to procure two boats, and officers—including inspectors and constables—boarded them and rowed in all directions, rescuing people one by one. As a result, only two people drowned and one was crushed to death. Eighteen houses were completely destroyed and eight were half-destroyed.
In Wakayama Prefecture, the storm of August 30th caused the Kinokawa River to flood. In Ito and Naka districts, it reached a maximum level of two *jō* (approximately 6 meters), breaching the northern embankment at several points and turning the entire area north of the river into an expanse of muddy water. Thanks to this, the city of Wakayama on the southern bank was spared the misfortune of embankment breaches; however, 528 households experienced flooding above floor level and 1,383 households were flooded below floor level. The storm also completely destroyed 37 houses and half-destroyed 2 houses, while damage to houses, gates, walls, and trees was too extensive to enumerate. One person was crushed to death and two were injured. In the rural districts, the Kinokawa, Shikigawa, and other rivers flooded, breaching embankments, destroying bridges, washing away houses, and inundating fields, causing truly appalling damage.
For the storm and flood damage of August 31st, according to surveys conducted up to September 3rd: 5 dead, 9 injured, 2 livestock killed, 2 livestock injured, 519 houses completely destroyed or washed away, 941 houses half-destroyed or damaged, 4,605 houses flooded, 36 bridges washed away, 19 bridges damaged, 63 ships wrecked, 8 ships lost, 3,150 *ken* (approximately 5,670 meters) of embankment breached, and 1,
**[Right Page, Lower Section]**
...250 *ken* (approximately 2,250 meters) of embankment damaged; 100 sections of road destroyed, 890 sections damaged; 7 telegraph poles toppled; 270 harbor breakwaters and wharves damaged.
Since September 6th, rain had fallen incessantly, causing the water level in the Kinokawa River to rise sharply. On the 8th, the river reached a maximum of two *jō* two *shaku* (approximately 6.6 meters) at Hashimoto in Ito District—an utterly uncontrollable level. Torrents of muddy, swirling water poured through the breaches opened in the embankments on August 31st, and the force of the current was truly terrifying. From Iwade in the east to the vicinity of Kada in the west, the entire area north of the river, spanning several *ri*, was reduced to a vast expanse of mud and water, the devastation beyond all description.
---
**● Flood Damage in Hida Province (under Gifu Prefecture)**
◯ The flood damage in Hida Province is equal in severity to that in the provinces of Owari and Mino. The following full account, taken from an on-site inspection report by a certain newspaper correspondent, is detailed and comprehensive, and is therefore reproduced here in its entirety.
Having completed my inspection tour of flood-damaged areas in western Mino and Kuwana District in Ise Province, I departed Nagoya on the morning of the 28th and traveled northward along the Hida River—a tributary of the upper Kiso River—to observe firsthand the volume of floodwaters and the extent of damage at its source. I then entered Hida Province, passed through various communities along the banks of the Miya River—the upper reaches of the Jinzū River—and arrived at Takayama Town, where I surveyed the traces of hillside collapses in the town's urban area. I present below a summary of my findings.
**Water Levels and Damage near Kanayama Town** Kanayama Town is situated at the southeastern tip of Mino Province and is a small market town bordering Hida Province across a single torrent. This torrent is called the Hida River within the Mino side of the border, and the Masuda River once it enters Hida. Even in normal water conditions, this river is said to have an extraordinarily powerful current; how much more so during the floods that have persisted since the 21st of last month, when the water rose to cover both banks and reached approximately two *jō* five *shaku* (about 7.5 meters) above the normal level. Even now, after considerable recession, the river remains five to six *shaku* (approximately 1.5–1.8 meters) above normal. Consequently, at the height of the flood, almost all the houses in the vicinity were inundated, and those in the lowest-lying areas had water several feet above their floorboards—a flood the likes of which had not been seen in over sixty years. As a result,
**[Left Page, Upper Section]**
...rice paddies and mulberry fields painstakingly cultivated in the mountain valleys were buried under gravel and debris, leaving many of them reduced to wasteland.
**Damage throughout Masuda District** Entering Masuda District in Hida Province, the terrain becomes higher and the river current grows ever more violent, with the maximum floodwaters reported to have risen one *jō* five *shaku* to one *jō* eight *shaku* (approximately 4.5 to 5.4 meters) above normal levels. Accordingly, the degree of damage is second to none, and in several places the traces of devastation were visible at a single glance. What I myself witnessed was the destruction of roads and embankments at the entrance to Hagiwara in the village of Misato, the flooding of mulberry fields, and the destruction of four or five houses along the road—an utterly pitiable scene. The houses, together with the road, had taken the full force of the churning torrent and half of them had been smashed to pieces and hurled four or five *ken* (approximately 7–9 meters) back from their original positions, while the ground where they once stood had become the riverbed itself, leaving not the faintest trace of the original landscape. At the time of my visit, villagers had gathered to clear away the wrecked and drifted houses, intending to use the cleared ground as the site of a new road, and were pressing on urgently with construction work. Here I encountered a tale of particular distress. On the 20th, a certain villager, seeing the river beginning to rise slightly and taking this as an opportunity, had gone fishing. He was leaping from rock to rock in the rushing current, wholly absorbed in catching fish, when the volume of water pouring down from upstream suddenly increased. The sections of the river he had used to hop back to shore had, in an instant, become entirely submerged, and he found himself unable to reach the bank from any direction. The water was still rising rapidly, leaving him with no way forward or back; with no alternative, he scrambled up onto a large boulder in midstream. But in the blink of an eye, the water reached the top of that rock, and he was left with nothing to do but await being swept away. In desperation, the man clambered up a lone pine tree on the boulder, his legs being lashed by the current, and cried out for help with all his voice. Villagers who heard his cries in the distance made their way along a dangerous road to the opposite bank, accompanied by a police officer. But the torrent, which even in normal conditions was too violent to float a boat upon, was now utterly impassable, and all they could do was tell him to wait for the water to subside, assuring him that they would keep throwing food across and urging him not to do anything rash. With no other means of rescue, people took turns coming to both banks and throwing rice balls and rice cakes,
**[Left Page, Lower Section]**
...but most fell uselessly into the water. Catching what little he could, the man clung to his precarious hold on life for three days and two nights. Fortunately, on the 22nd, the water level had fallen sufficiently that a raft could be floated across, and he was at last rescued. After returning home, he was so utterly exhausted that for several days he was barely in his right mind.
**Damage Statistics** According to surveys conducted by local police officers, the overall damage in Masuda District was as follows:
*Residential houses:*
Lost (washed away): 2
Collapsed: 12
Half-collapsed: 4
Damaged: 49
*Non-residential buildings:*
Lost: 6
Collapsed: 1
*Flooded houses:*
Above floor level: 289
Below floor level: 33
Flooded rice paddies: 80 *chō* 4 *tan* 2 *se* (approx. 80 hectares)
Flooded upland fields: 176 *chō* 3 *tan* 13 *bu* (approx. 176 hectares)
Road damage (prefectural roads): 49 locations (total length: 1,300 *ken*)
Road damage (local roads): 79 locations (total length: 1,394 *ken*)
Embankment breaches: 62 locations (total length: 4,369 *ken*)
Embankment damage: 47 locations (total length: 1,082 *ken*)
Bridges washed away: 21 locations
Bridges damaged: 8 locations
**Fields Turned into Riverbeds** Throughout Mino and Hida, there is not a single town or village along any river that has not suffered some degree of flood damage. However, particularly lamentable are those in mountain valleys whose embankments were destroyed by the force of the current, whose paddies and fields were gouged out and buried under several feet of gravel and stones, and which were transformed overnight into desolate stretches of riverbed. The damage in such cases is truly beyond description. If a field has merely been submerged in muddy water, one need only forfeit that year's harvest and the harm does not extend to the following year. But to restore a field that has been turned into a riverbed to its original state requires enormous capital investment, and this is simply beyond the means of a disaster-stricken population. Understandably so. There are several such cases in Hida Province in the areas I have traversed today, the largest among them being Kukunomura, Kukunomura District, Ōno County. The embankment breach in this village extends over 200 *ken* (approximately 360 meters), and the area of fields converted into riverbed amounts to over 40 *chō-bu* (approximately 40 hectares).