英語訳
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The force was ferocious, but the villagers rose en masse and barely managed to hold it back using timber, tatami mats, and the like. Of the twenty-three villages in the district, only two or three escaped damage entirely; all others suffered water damage either in whole or in part. Forests, fields, and paddies were largely submerged; roads, bridges, and embankments sustained considerable damage. The roads between villages were almost entirely cut off by flooding, and even the roads within villages had standing water in many places, reaching depths of over five shaku in the deepest spots, so that all passage required the use of boats or rafts. It was truly an unprecedented flood since the eleventh year of Meiji.
The number of drowning deaths in the prefecture was four; ten houses were completely washed away; 408 houses were inundated; flooded rice paddies amounted to 459 chō, 3 tan, and 25 bu; flooded dry fields amounted to 194 chō, 7 tan, 7 se, and 15 bu. The greatest damage was in Kita-Tsugaru District, where flooded rice paddies and fields exceeded 2,360 chō. Next was Nishi-Tsugaru District, with over 810 bu of flooded cultivated land.
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*Vicinity of Nagaoka Town* The flood of Meiji Boshin (1868) had been passed down as the greatest flood Nagaoka had ever experienced, but it is now apparent that its water level was two shaku five sun lower than that of the present flood. The turbid waters began to overflow on the night of the 21st, and by the 22nd, embankments at Nagaoka, Yoita, Kurosawa, Nakaro, Nakanoshima, Kumanomori, Chūjō, Nakano, and other locations had broken, turning the four districts of Koshi, Mishima, Minami-Kanbara, and Nishi-Kanbara into a single expanse of water — no distinction between rice paddies, dry fields, plains, or rivers. Viewed from a hillside, the mountains and rivers stretching for several ri had transformed overnight into a blue sea, filling all who saw it with an unbearable sense of desolation. In Nakanoshima, Minami-Kanbara District, some houses just barely showed their eaves above water, while others were completely submerged. People and livestock took refuge in disarray on top of the embankments, but the sudden inundation had left no time to carry out grain, leaving no means to stave off hunger. Trying to seek aid from other villages was impossible against the fierce current. Some boarded boats or rode horses to approach neighboring villages, calling out at the top of their voices for rescue; those on the embankments climbed trees and cried for help, but even neighboring villages had no strength to row through the raging current
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to come to their aid, and the whole scene resembled a scene of carnage. The total area of damaged fields in that locality was over 3,550 chō-bu, and the number of inundated houses was recorded as over 1,500.
In Koshi District's Nagaoka Town, by the morning of the 22nd, water had already begun seeping into the outskirts of town, and then the floodwaters from Shinshū (Nagano) steadily advanced, instantly breaking embankments at several points. The neighborhoods of Kantō-chō, Sakanoe, Tono-machi, Arayashiki, Yoko-chō, Sakakibara, Yamada, Ainomichi, Ishinai, Kuraō, Kyūshichi, Nagahara, Asano, Naga-chō, Kankōin, Gyokuzōin, Higashi-Kanda, and Sakashita were entirely submerged, while Senju-machi, Ura-Yonchōme, Kanda Ichi-no-machi, Kanda San-no-machi, Shin-machi, Gofuku-chō, Ueda-machi, Watari-chō, Funae-machi, Ginkō-kōji, Ōte-kōji, and Nishi-Kanda-chō suffered partial inundation. The damage in Kita-Uonuma and Minami-Uonuma Districts was likewise similar.
*Report from the Niigata Prefectural Governor (dated the 23rd)* Since the early hours of July 21st, heavy rain fell without interruption, causing all rivers in the prefecture to flood and suffer considerable damage. In particular, the Shinano River, from the evening of that day through the following 22nd, continued to swell in volume, its turbid current raging in full force, overflowing to inundate homes, and breaking embankments to reduce fields to wasteland. Places like Yoita, Nagaoka, Sanjō, Numatare, and Niigata came to the point of using boats for street transportation. The disaster was no less severe than the Meiji 24th year flood, and accordingly the monetary damages were by no means small. The general situation is as follows:
- In Mishima District, Yoita Town: the Shinano River embankment within the town broke for approximately 30 ken; nine-tenths of Yoita Town's total of over 1,000 households were inundated, with water reaching the eaves of lower-lying houses. Fortunately, there were no human or animal casualties.
- In Koshi District, Nagaoka Town: the Shinano River embankment broke for 34 ken, flooding more than half the town. The loss of the Chōsei Bridge also swept away telegraph poles, cutting off telegraphic communication between Yoita and Nagaoka.
- In Naka-Kanbara District, Kidu Village: the Agano River embankment broke for 560 ken, five houses were washed away, and three persons are missing.
- In Nishi-Kanbara District, Yokota Village: the Shinano River broke for approximately 40 ken; one woman is missing. Over 1,000 houses inundated in Tsubame Town.
- In Minami-Kanbara District, Ōshima Village: the Ikarashi River embankment broke for approximately 20 ken; three houses washed away.
- In Kita-Uonuma District, Ojiya Town: three persons drowned due to the Shinano River overflowing; considerable numbers of houses inundated. The Asahi Bridge was also damaged.
- From Naka-Kanbara District, Numatare Town: due to the Shinano River overflow and the collapse of the Ryūsakuba Shinden, the entire town was inundated to over five sun above floorboards,
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reaching that level.
- Niigata City: over twenty houses inundated due to Shinano River overflow; the worst areas saw water rising over three shaku above floor level. Two children drowned.
- Minami-Kanbara District, Sanjō Town: the Shinano River's water reversed and overflowed into the Ikarashi River, causing more than half the town to flood; three houses washed away, one storehouse, one temple damaged. One child missing.
- Due to the flooding of the Agano River, four bridges — Mangaji, Hagishima, Nakano, and Sakaya — in Naka-Kanbara District collapsed.
- The Kamo River embankment broke in the outskirts of Hona Village, Minami-Kanbara District.
- In the same district's Gōwake Village, the Kariyata River embankment broke at four locations totaling 83 ken.
- In Naka-Kanbara District, the Takigawa Jūzenji embankment broke, inundating more than half the village.
In addition to the above, the breaking and washing away of embankments and bridges due to flooding of tributary rivers, as well as inundated houses, were not few. It is therefore difficult to guarantee that there were no human or animal casualties. Details will be reported upon further investigation. (End of quote)
*Flood Follow-up Report* According to a report dated July 27th from the Niigata Prefectural Office to the relevant authorities, river water levels in the prefecture had slightly receded, but flooding in the various villages remained severe; several villages remained submerged. Accordingly, the plight of the flood victims was truly indescribable. The general situation as reported from the 25th onward is as follows:
*Mishima District* All sub-districts (ōaza) of Nakanoshima Village suffered severe damage; most residents were evacuated elsewhere, but some remained living on upper floors. These people all faced a shortage of food and drink, and would face starvation without outside supply. In particular, the ōaza of Nakajima, Shinohana, Iijima, and Zenbei Shinden were struck by the breaking embankment and its surge; in ōaza Nakajima, all fourteen households were completely washed away, with only one storehouse left standing. Furthermore, that ōaza became the very channel of the Shinano River, transforming into a rolling great river, and the villagers barely managed to survive with their lives — no home, no food, the misery truly beyond description. Even in the other ōaza, food had been entirely exhausted at the time of the disaster; though people sought to evacuate, lacking boats they called out loudly for help, but since the whole village was in the same situation, no one could come to their rescue, and for a time the cries of distress filled the air. After the water receded somewhat, boats were used to deliver cooked rice rations and drinking water, and relief efforts are underway. Yoita Town has already seen a 3 shaku 5 sun reduction in water level, and the percentage of inundated houses has dropped to half, but having rescued several thousand people over three days, the town has run short of rice. It has arranged to purchase rice from Izumozaki and distant surrounding areas, but the stock on hand as of the 24th would barely last one more day. Moreover, even in houses where flooding has subsided, since rice-cooking stoves and other kitchen utensils were washed away, residents cannot manage on their own for several more days without relief assistance. People carrying rice tubs and begging for food come in groups of twenty or thirty, one after another without end — their misery beyond words. In Yoshikawa Village, ōaza Shimo-Kanekawa with 48 households and ōaza Uryu with 63 households remained inundated; all were living on their second floors, receiving food and drink transported by boat from ōaza Ōno in the same village, barely avoiding starvation.
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*Minami-Kanbara District* Nakanoshima Village and eight other villages, with the exception of a small high-ground area, were entirely inundated; the water level was at minimum three to four sun above floor level, at maximum over one jō three shaku, and forty houses had floated up from their foundations, with more continuing to float up. Villagers had all taken refuge on embankments; those of moderate means or better had built makeshift huts to live in, but the majority were sleeping in the open. In villages without embankments, those with second floors lived on their second floors; those without second floors were on their rooftops; in extreme cases, people were perched on roof beams, having broken through the roof to barely stick their heads out. As the entire village was underwater, cooking was impossible; the people were barely avoiding starvation by receiving aid from unaffected villages, and as drinking water was entirely unavailable, they were forced to drink the turbid pooled water.
*Nishi-Kanbara District* From Itai Village northward, the entire area was submerged; even in shallower places the depth was eight shaku, in deeper places reaching one jō to one jō two shaku, and in low-lying areas houses were submerged up to their roofs. All residents had evacuated by boat to the embankments and were sleeping in the open, suffering extreme hardship from shortage of food and water. Relief efforts are currently underway. Two injured persons were also reported in Kanemaki Village. Due to the severe rice shortage caused by this great flood, rice prices skyrocketed to extraordinary levels, causing considerable hardship to the people.
*Mishima District Flood Damage* From around 6:30 a.m. on the 24th, extremely heavy rain began, and from around 10:00 p.m. flooding commenced; by 6:00 a.m. on the 21st, the Shinano River [text continues on next page]