中山伝信録 巻六 - 翻刻

翻刻

　墓皆穴山為之既窆壘以石貴家則磨石方整亦建
　拝台墓門遠望如橋門更有穴山葬在層崖之上者
　女墓前挂棕葉片扇白巾男墓前白布笠立杖草履
　木屐揷花筒設香炉則男女墓皆同
　男女食皆不同器各設具別食食余棄之与客会飲
　不各設具一杯伝飲筯一双着盎間同用今其貴官
　対客亦效中国同器分筯飲食或其居常尚仍旧俗
　耳夏子陽録云居官言事必具酒二壺至其家跪而
　酌之酌畢告以所事云
　　剃頂髪
　前明琉球人皆不剃髪惟不用網巾万暦中冊使謝
　行人杰閩之長楽人母舅某従行携網巾数百事至
　無可售謝使遅冊封礼久不行云本国既服中華冠
　帯冊封曰如陪臣有一不網巾者冊事不挙琉人競
　市一空福建至今相謔強市者則云琉球人戴網巾
　也至　本朝始剃頂髪自国王以下皆遵時制留外
　髪一囲綰小髻於頂之正中首里与久米人皆無異
　夏子陽録云首里人髻居偏久米人髻居中今不然

現代語訳

墓は皆山に穴を掘って作る。埋葬が終わると石を積み重ね、貴族の家では石を磨いて方正に整え、また拝台や墓門を建てる。遠くから望むと橋門のようである。さらに山に穴を掘って層崖の上に葬る者もある。女の墓の前には棕櫚の葉片や扇、白巾を掛け、男の墓の前には白布の笠を立て、杖、草履、木屐を置き、花筒を挿す。香炉を設けるのは男女の墓とも同じである。

男女の食事は皆同じ器を用いず、各々食具を別に設けて別々に食べ、食べ残しは棄てる。客と会飲する時は各々食具を設けず、一杯を伝えて飲み、箸一双を盎の間に置いて同用する。今その貴官が客に対する時も中国に倣って同じ器で箸を分けて飲食するか、あるいはその日常では尚旧俗に従っているのであろう。夏子陽録に云う「居官が事を言う時は必ず酒二壺を具えてその家に至り、跪いてこれを酌み、酌み畢えて以て所事を告ぐ」と云う。

【剃頂髪】
前明の時代、琉球人は皆髪を剃らず、ただ網巾を用いなかった。万暦中、冊使の謝行人杰は閩の長楽の人で、母の舅某が従行し、網巾数百を携えて事に至ったが売れるものがなかった。謝使は冊封の礼を遅らせ、久しく行わずに云った「本国は既に中華の冠帯に服す。冊封の日、もし陪臣に一人でも網巾をしない者があれば、冊事は挙行しない」と。琉人は競って市し、一たび空になった。福建では今に至るまで相戯れて、強いて買わせる者には則ち「琉球人が網巾を戴く」と云う。

本朝に至って始めて頂髪を剃る。国王以下皆時制に遵い、外髪一囲を留めて小髻を頂の正中に綰う。首里と久米の人は皆異なることがない。夏子陽録に云う「首里人の髻は偏に居り、久米人の髻は中に居る」とあるが、今はそうではない。

英語訳

All tombs are made by digging caves in mountains. After burial, stones are piled up, and noble families polish the stones to make them square and orderly, also building worship platforms and tomb gates. When viewed from a distance, they look like bridge gates. There are also those who dig caves in mountains and bury on layered cliffs. In front of women's tombs, palm leaf pieces, fans, and white cloths are hung; in front of men's tombs, white cloth hats are erected, with staffs, straw sandals, and wooden clogs placed, and flower tubes inserted. Setting up incense burners is the same for both men's and women's tombs.

Men and women do not use the same eating vessels; each has separate utensils and eats separately, discarding leftovers. When drinking with guests, they do not set separate utensils but pass around one cup for drinking, with one pair of chopsticks placed between the vessels for shared use. Now when their high officials receive guests, they also follow Chinese customs of using the same vessels with separate chopsticks for eating and drinking, or perhaps in their daily life they still follow old customs. The Record of Xia Ziyang states: "When an official speaks on matters, he must bring two jugs of wine to that house, kneel and pour it, and after pouring, tell of the matter."

【Shaving the Top Hair】
In the former Ming period, Ryukyu people did not shave their hair at all, only they did not use hair nets. During the Wanli era, the imperial envoy Xie Xingren Jie, a person from Changle in Fujian, had his mother's uncle accompany him, carrying several hundred hair nets for business, but there was nothing that could be sold. Envoy Xie delayed the investiture ceremony and did not carry it out for a long time, saying: "This country already submits to Chinese caps and belts. On the day of investiture, if there is even one retainer not wearing a hair net, the investiture ceremony will not be conducted." The Ryukyu people competed to buy them, emptying the supply at once. In Fujian, even now they joke with each other that those who force sales say "Ryukyu people wear hair nets."

In the present dynasty, they began to shave the top hair. From the king down, all follow the current system, leaving one circle of outer hair and tying a small topknot in the exact center of the head. The people of Shuri and Kume are no different. The Record of Xia Ziyang states that "Shuri people's topknots are positioned to the side, while Kume people's topknots are in the center," but this is not the case now.