英語訳
## Right Page (p. 120, Section 24)
### Upper Section
There ought to be the fault of "contradiction with the intrinsic nature of the subject-term" (有法自相相違過). If one argues: "Because form (*rūpa*) is something both proponent and opponent originally accept as existing, there is no point of dispute whatsoever — hence this is not the fault of contradiction," then (by the same reasoning) "existent nature" (有性, *sat*) is also something both proponent and opponent commonly accept as "not non-existence." Because it is "existent nature," there ought likewise to be no fault of contradiction. If one argues: "Beneath the challenge to 'existent nature' lies an implicitly-accepted 'great-existent-nature' (*mahāsattā*) — hence there is the fault of contradiction," then beneath the challenge to "established-in-common form" lies the (implicit claim that it is) "form identical with consciousness" — hence there likewise ought to be the fault of contradiction. By this line of reasoning, one constructs a "contradiction with the intrinsic nature of the subject-term" (有法自相相違) saying: "Established-in-common form ought not to be established-in-common form. Because (it is) self-accepted (as) encompassed within the first three sense-fields and not encompassed by the eye-faculty. Like eye-consciousness." By what means can this fault of contradiction be excluded?
Answer: This difficulty is hard to resolve. However, following the meaning in analogy to the fault of "contradiction with the qualification of the subject-term" (有法差別相違), there can be a fault of "indeterminacy" (不定). "(Being) like eye-consciousness": because (eye-consciousness is) self-accepted as encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty, established-in-common form is (still, unlike eye-consciousness,) form (i.e., matter, not consciousness). "(Being) like self-accepted form of Buddhas in other directions": because (that form is) self-accepted as encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty, established-in-common form is a form that does not depart from eye-consciousness.
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**Section Three: Deciding (the Meaning of) "Self-Accepted" (自許決 第三)**
Q: What is the distinction among self-inference (自比量, *svārthānumāna*), other-inference (他比量, *parārthānumāna*), and common-inference (共比量, *sādhāraṇānumāna*)?
A: In the case of a self-inference, the three members (宗・因・喩: thesis, reason, example) are all commonly accepted, which further supports the thesis. Even if the inference is not accepted on the other side, there is no fault. The reason is that the inference at that time serves only to establish one's own doctrine — it is not (aimed at) refuting others. Because it is a meaning one accepts oneself, even if the other party does not commonly accept it, there is no error in the inference.
Q: If so, a self-inference should not be a "valid means of demonstration" (能立, *sādhana*). Because it does not refute the other's doctrine and does not bring about understanding in others.
A: Even though one has already known (the truth of) one's own doctrine, one uses the inference to demonstrate that there is no error. So although (self-inference) is a valid demonstration, it does not refute the other's doctrine. Once the inference is established, what the other comes to accept as established can then bring about understanding in the other — hence (even self-inference) is called "bringing understanding to others" (他悟). Therefore a self-inference is (also) called a "valid means of demonstration."
In the case of an other-inference, when the three parts (宗・因・喩) are commonly accepted, the thesis and so forth are fittingly established. Even if the inference is not accepted on one's own side, there is no fault. The reason is as follows: the other-inference serves only to refute the other's doctrine — it does not serve to establish the meaning accepted by oneself. Hence even if one's own side does not commonly accept it, there is no error in the inference.
### Lower Section
In the case of a common inference, the thesis, reason, and example — all three members — must be commonly accepted by both proponent and opponent; only then is the inference properly established. If either party finds something absent (i.e., does not accept something), the inference does not hold. The reason is as follows: the common inference simultaneously (1) establishes a thesis and (2) refutes the other's meaning. Hence all three members must be "established-in-common" (極成, *prasiddha*). If they are not established-in-common, they are called "pseudo-thesis, etc." (似立宗等, *pakṣābhāsa*, etc.).
Q: As in the case of establishing a thesis, if one says "The sound of Buddhas of other directions, self-accepted, does not depart from ear-consciousness" — by adding the qualification "self-accepted" (自許) to the subject-term (有法), does the subject-term hold?
A: Even if one says "self-accepted," it still is not established on the other side — hence even saying "self-accepted," the common inference still cannot be set up.
Q: If so, in "(Form that is) established-in-common in the true sense (*shingo*) does not depart from eye-consciousness, etc." — since this is already a common inference, the reason saying "self-accepted" ought not to be "established-in-common."
A: The reason saying "self-accepted" does not mean "not accepted by the other side" — it is called "self-accepted." That established-in-common form is encompassed within the first three sense-fields and not encompassed by the eye-faculty is something commonly accepted by both proponent and opponent. Hence the reason is not "non-established" (不成, *asiddha*).
Q: If that is already so, why is it necessary to state the expression "self-accepted"?
A: There are three explanations. First, Masters Ying (圓應) and Wonhyo (元暁) and others all say: in order to exclude the "indeterminacy" (不定) on the other side, one states the expression "self-accepted." The Sarvāstivāda school (薩婆多, *Sarvāstivāda*) and others, with respect to this reason, construct a fault of "indeterminacy" saying: "Is it (perhaps) like the actually-unwholesome form of final-birth bodhisattvas according to our school — which is encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty — and therefore necessarily departs from eye-consciousness? Or is it like eye-consciousness — which is encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty — and therefore does not necessarily depart from eye-consciousness?" In order to exclude this indeterminacy, one states the expression "self-accepted." The "unwholesome form of final-birth bodhisattvas" pointed to by them is not something that the proponent (the Mahāyāna side) self-accepts as "encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty." Because they lack this reason, (their case) is not an "indeterminacy." Since through a common inference one not only establishes the thesis one prefers, but also refutes others — an indeterminacy raised by the other side is called "non-▢" (non-established/eliminated). What holds for common inference holds also for other
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## Left Page (p. 121, Section 25)
### Upper Section
inference.
Second, Master Ji (基, Kuiji) says: in order to exclude the fault of "contradiction with the qualification of the subject-term" (有法差別相違), one says "self-accepted." An outsider (外人) would then immediately construct a "qualification-contradiction" (差別相違) saying: "Established-in-common form ought not to be (that which) does not depart from eye-consciousness. Because form is encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty. Like eye-consciousness." In order to exclude this fault, one says "self-accepted," and against that syllogism one constructs an expression of "indeterminacy" (不定): "Is established-in-common form — because eye-consciousness is encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty — not a form that departs from eye-consciousness? Or is it — because form of Buddhas in other directions, self-accepted (自許), is encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty — a form that does not depart from eye-consciousness?" If the reason does not state "self-accepted," then one cannot construct the fault of "indeterminacy" against the other (side) so as to exclude the objection of "contradiction."
Q: Simply saying "encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty" should be sufficient to construct a "fault of indeterminacy." Why is "self-accepted" necessary?
A: If one does not say "self-accepted," then there is a fault of "other-side indeterminacy" (他不定). That is, the other side constructs a fault of "indeterminacy" saying: "If established-in-common form is like eye-consciousness, is it perhaps like the unwholesome form of Śākyamuni-bodhisattva according to our school (*Sarvāstivāda*)?" (and so on). In order to avoid this fault, one says "self-accepted." If, in order to avoid this fault, one says "(established-in-common) form is encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty," then one will be unable against the other (side) to
### Lower Section
Third, Master Wenguei (文軌) says: the reason states "self-accepted" in order to exclude the fault of "other-side indeterminacy" and the fault of "contradiction with the qualification of the subject-term" (有法差別相違). That is, the other side constructs a "contradiction" and raises the objection: "Established-in-common form ought not to be form identical with consciousness (即識之色). Because (it is) self-accepted as encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty. Like eye-consciousness." Now, excluding this objection, one says: "Is this established-in-common form — because eye-consciousness is self-accepted as encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty — not form identical with consciousness? Or is it — because the form of Buddhas of other directions, accepted by our school, is self-accepted as encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty — form identical with consciousness? If one does not say 'self-accepted,' then one cannot construct the fault of indeterminacy against the other side so as to block (遮) the objection of 'contradiction.'"
Q: Simply saying "encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty" should already be sufficient to construct a "fault of indeterminacy." Why is "self-accepted" necessary?
A: If one does not say "self-accepted," then there is a fault of "other-side indeterminacy." The other side constructs a fault of "indeterminacy" saying: "If established-in-common form is like eye-consciousness, is it perhaps like the unwholesome form of Śākyamuni-bodhisattva (*Śākyamuni* while still a bodhisattva) according to our school (*Sarvāstivāda*)?" (and so on). In order to avoid this fault, one says "self-accepted." If, in order to avoid this fault, one says "(the form) is encompassed within the first three and not encompassed by the eye-faculty," then one will no longer be able to (construct the indeterminacy) against the other side.