翻刻
和漢三才圖會水果類ニ曰
芰(ヒシ) 《割書:音|岐|》 蔆 水栗 沙用
和名比之
無 角(ツノ)ノ者名三河芰ト野蔆ハ自ラ
生湖中ニ家蔆ハ主ニ陂塘ニ
大和本草ニ曰
芰實(ヒシ) 一名蔆 又作ル菱ニ
和名類聚抄ニ曰
菱子(ヒシ) 説文ニ曰蔆《割書:音|陵|》 ■ニ謂之ヲ薢《割書:皆后|二音|》
楚ニ謂之ヲ■ト《割書:音岐字|亦作芰ニ|》 和名比之
救荒本草曰
菱科(ヒシ)
異名分類抄ニ曰
美須毛久佐(ミスモグサ)
大和本草ニ曰
【水草】門ニ載
曲亭歳時記ニ曰
菱花ハ此花日ニ背キテ晝宵■ス月ニ隋テ
轉移ス《割書:本草|》菱ノ葉ハ日ニ舒ヒ夜歛ム黄花
ハ晝合シ宵■ス故ニ菱ハ寒シ芡ハ煖シ
潜碓類書本草の説ト反セリ環曰此説ヲ以考ルニ
菱花其花夜中盛ン也其葉テ宵莖自寄
歛ム本草ニ如説是自夜中ノ真寫トス
水浮圖
大葉一種
丙戌夷則初九日
移池種水盆燈下
真寫
現代語訳
『和漢三才図会』水果類に言う:
芰(ヒシ) 〔音:岐〕 別名:蔆・水栗・沙用
和名:ヒシ(比之)
角(ツノ)のない者を三河芰(みかわびし)と名付ける。
野蔆は湖中に自生し、家蔆は主に堤や池に育つ。
『大和本草』に言う:
芰実(ヒシ) 一名:蔆 また「菱」とも書く
『和名類聚抄』に言う:
菱子(ヒシ) 『説文』に言う:蔆〔音:陵〕
〔ある地では〕薢〔皆・后の二音〕と言い、
楚では■〔音:岐、字はまた芰とも書く〕と言う。
和名:ヒシ(比之)
『救荒本草』に言う:
菱科(ヒシ)
『異名分類抄』に言う:
美須毛久佐(みすもぐさ)
『大和本草』に言う:
【水草】の門に記載あり
曲亭歳時記に言う:
菱の花は太陽に背いて、昼夜を通じて〔■〕し、月に随って
移り転ずる。〔『本草』より〕菱の葉は昼に開き夜に閉じる。黄色い花は
昼に合わさり、夜には〔■〕する。それゆえ、菱は寒性であり、芡(オニバス)は温性である。
潜碓類書の本草の説とは相反する。〔梅園〕環(みわ)が言う:この説によって考えるに、
菱の花は夜中に最も盛んに咲く。その葉は夜に茎が自ずと
閉じる。本草の説の如し。これを夜中の真写とする。
水浮図(みずうきず)
大葉の一種
丙戌年、夷則(七月)初九日
池より水盆に移し植えて、燈下にて
真写す
英語訳
The "Wakan Sansai Zue" (Illustrated Encyclopedia of Japan and China), section on Water Fruits, states:
Jì (Hishi) — [pronunciation: Qi] — also known as: Líng, Water Chestnut, Shayō
Japanese name: Hishi (比之)
Those without horns (corners) are named Mikawa-bishi.
Wild water chestnuts grow naturally in lakes; cultivated ones
are grown mainly in embankment ponds.
The "Yamato Honzō" (Great Japanese Herbal) states:
Jì-shí (Hishi) — alternate name: Líng — also written as 菱
The "Wamyō Ruijushō" (Japanese Names Classified) states:
Hishi (菱子) — The "Shuowen" (Explanatory Dictionary) states: Líng [pronunciation: Líng]
[In some regions] called Xiè [two readings: jiē and hòu],
In Chǔ it is called ■ [pronounced Qí; also written as 芰].
Japanese name: Hishi (比之)
The "Jiuhuang Bencao" (Herbal for Relief of Famine) states:
Líng-kē (Hishi)
The "Imyō Bunruishō" (Classified Glossary of Alternative Names) states:
Misumogusa (美須毛久佐)
The "Yamato Honzō" states:
Recorded in the section on [Water Plants]
The "Kyokutei Saijiki" (Kyokutei's Seasonal Record) states:
The water chestnut flower turns away from the sun, [opening/closing]
through day and night, shifting in accordance with the moon. [From the
Bencao.] The leaves of the water chestnut open during the day and close
at night. The yellow flowers close together during the day and [open] at
night. Therefore, the water chestnut is of cold nature, while the Gordon
Euryale (oni-basu) is of warm nature. This is contrary to the explanation
in the Senki Ruisho Bencao. [Baien] Miwа says: Considering this
explanation, the water chestnut flower blooms most vigorously at night.
Its leaves close at night with the stems naturally drawing inward. This
accords with the explanation in the Bencao. This illustration is taken as a
true rendering of the plant at midnight.
Water Floating Diagram
A large-leaved variety
The ninth day of the seventh month (Isoku),
year of Hinoe-Inu (1826).
Transplanted from the pond into a water basin,
drawn from life by lamplight.