中山伝信録 巻六 - 翻刻

翻刻

　墓皆穴山為之既窆壘以石貴家則磨石方整亦建
　拝台墓門遠望如橋門更有穴山葬在層崖之上者
　女墓前挂棕葉片扇白巾男墓前白布笠立杖草履
　木屐揷花筒設香炉則男女墓皆同
　男女食皆不同器各設具別食食余棄之与客会飲
　不各設具一杯伝飲筯一双着盎間同用今其貴官
　対客亦效中国同器分筯飲食或其居常尚仍旧俗
　耳夏子陽録云居官言事必具酒二壺至其家跪而
　酌之酌畢告以所事云
　　剃頂髪
　前明琉球人皆不剃髪惟不用網巾万暦中冊使謝
　行人杰閩之長楽人母舅某従行携網巾数百事至
　無可售謝使遅冊封礼久不行云本国既服中華冠
　帯冊封曰如陪臣有一不網巾者冊事不挙琉人競
　市一空福建至今相謔強市者則云琉球人戴網巾
　也至　本朝始剃頂髪自国王以下皆遵時制留外
　髪一囲綰小髻於頂之正中首里与久米人皆無異
　夏子陽録云首里人髻居偏久米人髻居中今不然

現代語訳

墓は皆山に穴を掘って作る。埋葬を終えると石を積んで築く。貴い家では石を磨いて方形に整え、また拝台や墓門を建てる。遠くから望むと橋門のようである。さらに山腹に穴を掘り、断崖の上に葬る者もいる。女性の墓の前には棕櫚の葉片、扇、白巾を掛け、男性の墓の前には白布の笠を立て、杖、草履、木屐を置き、花筒を挿し、香炉を設ける。これは男女の墓とも同じである。

男女の食事は皆同じ器を用いず、それぞれ食器を別に設けて別々に食べ、食べ残しは棄てる。客と会って飲む時は、それぞれに食器を設けず、一つの杯で順番に飲み、一双の箸を盎の間に置いて共用する。今、その貴官が客に対する時もまた中国に倣って同じ器で箸を分けて飲食するが、或いはその日常では尚お旧俗に従っているのであろう。夏子陽録に云く「官に居り事を言う時は必ず酒二壺を具え、その家に至って跪いてこれを酌み、酌み畢わって所事を告ぐ」と云う。

剃髪について

前明の時、琉球人は皆髪を剃らず、ただ網巾を用いなかった。万暦中、冊使謝行人杰（閩の長楽の人）の母舅某が従行し、網巾数百を携えて行ったが、売れるものがなかった。謝使は冊封の礼を遅らせ、久しく行わずに云った「本国は既に中華の冠帯に服している。冊封の日、もし陪臣で一人でも網巾を着けない者がいれば、冊事を挙行しない」と。琉球人は競って市で買い求め、一つ残らず売り切れた。福建では今に至るまで互いに謔って、強いて売りつける者には「琉球人が網巾を戴く」と云う。本朝に至って初めて頭髪を剃り、国王以下皆時制に遵い、外髪一囲を留めて頂の正中に小さな髻を結う。首里と久米の人は皆異なるところがない。夏子陽録に云く「首里人の髻は偏に居し、久米人の髻は中に居す」とあるが、今はそうではない。

英語訳

All tombs are made by digging caves into mountains. After burial, they are built up with stones. Wealthy families polish stones into square shapes and also build worship platforms and tomb gates. Viewed from a distance, they look like bridge gates. There are also those who dig caves in mountainsides and bury on top of cliff layers. In front of women's tombs, palm leaf strips, fans, and white cloths are hung; in front of men's tombs, white cloth hats are erected with staffs, straw sandals, wooden clogs, flower vases inserted, and incense burners set up - this is the same for both male and female tombs.

Men and women never eat from the same vessels; each has separate utensils and eats separately, discarding leftovers. When meeting and drinking with guests, they don't set separate utensils for each person - one cup is passed around for drinking, and one pair of chopsticks is placed between the vessels for shared use. Now when their high officials receive guests, they also imitate Chinese practice of using the same vessels but separate chopsticks for eating and drinking, though perhaps in their daily life they still follow the old customs. The Record of Xia Ziyang states: "When residing in office and discussing matters, one must prepare two vessels of wine, go to their home, kneel and pour it, and after pouring is finished, inform them of the matter."

On Head Shaving

During the former Ming period, all Ryukyu people did not shave their hair, only they did not use hair nets. During the Wanli era, Imperial Envoy Xie Xingren Jie (a person from Changle in Fujian) had a maternal uncle who accompanied the mission, carrying several hundred hair nets, but found nothing to sell. Envoy Xie delayed the investiture ceremony and did not carry it out for a long time, saying "This country already wears Chinese caps and sashes. On the day of investiture, if there is even one retainer not wearing a hair net, the investiture ceremony will not be held." The Ryukyu people competed to buy them at market, selling out completely. In Fujian to this day they joke with each other, saying to those who force sales "Ryukyu people wear hair nets." Beginning in this dynasty they first shaved their head hair; from the king on down all follow contemporary regulations, leaving one circle of outer hair and tying a small topknot at the exact center of the crown. People of Shuri and Kume are all the same. The Record of Xia Ziyang states "Shuri people's topknots are positioned to the side, Kume people's topknots are positioned in the center," but now this is not so.