英語訳
**[Page Six]**
**[Upper section]**
nor non-existent.
"Ultimate relying on designation... dharmas are all empty and existent" reveals that when Buddha used the ultimate gate, to break sentient beings' illnesses, regarding dharma beyond language, he forcibly relied on verbal designations, saying there is the emptiness of parikalpita and the existence of paratantra and pariniṣpanna. He cites Maitreya's teaching as proof to reveal this meaning. The intention is clear. Conditioned and unconditioned are paratantra and pariniṣpanna. Self and what belongs to self are parikalpita. It does not mean explaining existent dharmas as empty and empty dharmas as existent - not explaining the existent paratantra and pariniṣpanna as empty, or the empty parikalpita as existent.
"Observing these saints' intentions... provisionally teach existence and emptiness" - "saints' intentions" refers to the intentions of Nāgārjuna, Maitreya and others. "Observing" means the Master's observation. Responding to beings' capacities to remove illnesses, following what is appropriate, if one knows that emptiness and existence are taught, one should not be surprised when existence is taught, because paratantra and parinispanna exist; one should not be surprised when emptiness is taught, because parikalpita is empty. However, regarding dharma-essence, because it is beyond provisional cognition and verbal designation, existence and emptiness cannot exist. Though dharma-essence is not existence or emptiness, it is revealed through words of existence and emptiness upon dharma-essence. It is like pointing at the moon with a finger. Though the finger is not the moon, without the finger one cannot make the moon known. Though dharma-essence is not existence or emptiness, without the verbal explanations of existence and emptiness, there is no way to make dharma-essence known. One should deeply contemplate this matter to understand its meaning.
"Later students... will consider it erroneous teaching" means that later students in the degenerate age, not knowing that words are provisionally established according to what is appropriate upon dharma beyond language, follow the text to grasp meaning, understanding that the teachings really obtained the meaning that all dharmas are empty.
**[Lower section]**
Though emptiness is taught, there should be the aspect of existence; though existence is taught, there should be the aspect of emptiness. Yet they one-sidedly teach existence and grasp existence, teach emptiness and grasp emptiness, considering their own understanding to accord with correct principle, and what others know to be erroneous.
"Now praising the sūtra's meaning... knowers should understand" - "now" refers to the time when the Master composed this commentary. "Sūtra's meaning" refers to the Prajñā meaning explained in the Heart Sūtra. "Praise" means "resource." "Both extremes" refers to the two meanings of "supreme" and "emptiness advocates accordingly." "Wise ones" refers to provisional authorities of the final age.
"Prajñāpāramitā... hence only named Heart" - above, the mysterious commentary's introductory section has been explained. From now below, the sūtra text is properly explained. First, the title is explained. The six characters "Prajñāpāramitā" are the common name of the Great Prajñāpāramitā in six hundred fascicles. The two characters "Heart Sūtra" are this sūtra's specific name. It is the Heart Sūtra of the Great Prajñāpāramitā. Ṣaṣṭhī-samāsa interpretation means the six types of compound interpretation. "Prajñā's Heart Sūtra" is the dependent compound (karmadhāraya) among the six compound types. Subanta declension refers to the eight case endings. The present "Prajñā Heart Sūtra" is the sixth case ending among the eight case endings - the possessive case. Since the Heart Sūtra is also prajñā, there could be an attributive compound, but because the Great Prajñāpāramitā is general prajñā and the Heart Sūtra is specific prajñā, it is only named Heart Sūtra, attributing prajñā to the great sūtra.
"Prajñā means wisdom... namely all dharmas" - in Sanskrit it is called prajñā, in Chinese it is called wisdom. There are five types of prajñā. The ancients had three types; the Master added two, calling them five types. Among these, contemplative prajñā is prajñā's essence. The true nature and true suchness of prajñā is called characteristic prajñā.
**[Page Seven]**
**[Upper section]**
The verbal teaching that explains prajñā is called textual prajñā. The above are established jointly by ancients and the Master. The myriad practices such as giving that are prajñā's retinue are called retinue prajñā. The various dharmas of existence and non-existence that are prajñā's objects are called objective prajñā. The ancients did not establish these; the Master alone established them.
"Cultivating merit and wisdom together... all called prajñā" explains why the four types other than contemplative prajñā are named prajñā. Because cultivating merit and wisdom together produces contemplative understanding, the retinue is named prajñā. Because illuminating existence and emptiness equally produces contemplative understanding, the objective realm is named prajñā. Because following designations to meet the principle produces contemplative understanding, the textual is named prajñā. Because thoroughly investigating principle produces contemplative understanding, the characteristic is named prajñā. "Wisdom-nature" refers to characteristic prajñā. "Wisdom-resource" refers to the three types of prajñā: textual, objective, and retinue. Since contemplation is prajñā's essence, there is no need to explain its reason. Naming the other four types as prajñā - because this meaning is hidden, the reason is explained.
"Wisdom that removes obstacles... embraces all dharmas" - when this sūtra begins by raising Avalokiteśvara's practice, it does not say "practicing giving" or "practicing pure precepts pāramitā," but only says "practicing deep prajñā." Because it cuts off obstacles and realizes principle, is the head of all virtues and guide of all practices, though it is only named wisdom, it actually embraces all dharmas.
"Pāra means other shore... five fruits" - in Sanskrit it is called pāra, in Chinese "other shore." Regarding this other shore, the ancients named bodhi and nirvana as the two types of other shore. The Master presents five types of other shore: objective, textual, principle, practice, and result. The ancients' two types of other shore - bodhi and nirvana - are the result other shore among the five types.
**[Lower section]**
"Mitā means separation and arrival... ascending to that shore" - in Sanskrit it is called mitā, in Chinese "separation" and "arrival." Practicing prajñā and separating from all obstructions and defilements - this is the meaning of separation. Also, practicing prajñā, exhausting the realms of existence and non-existence, fathoming the understanding of the six stores, penetrating the meaning of conventional and ultimate, perfecting the karma of the two causes, fulfilling awakening and completing tranquility - this is the meaning of arrival. That is, arriving at the five types of other shore.
"Establishing this name by combining essence and function" - this concludes prajñāpāramitā. Essence is prajñā. Function is pāramitā. Wisdom-essence has the function of reaching the other shore. Because this combines essence and function, it is generally named prajñāpāramitā.
"However, the practices cultivated... pāramitā" - not all practices such as giving accomplish the karma of reaching the other shore. Having the seven supreme practices necessarily accomplishes reaching the other shore.
First, abiding in the bodhisattva lineage is called supreme abiding. The practice of those who possess the bodhisattva lineage accomplishes the karma of reaching the other shore. The practices of those with determined lineage or no lineage are not karma reaching the other shore. Second, depending on great bodhi-mind is called supreme dependence. Though one may possess the bodhisattva lineage, if one does not arouse great bodhi-mind and practices giving and such for worldly results, these are not karma reaching the other shore. One must generate great mind - such practice accomplishes the karma of reaching the other shore. Third, having compassion for sentient beings is called supreme intention. Though one who has generated bodhi-mind necessarily has compassion for sentient beings, bodhi-mind takes the five faculties of faith and others as its essence, while compassion takes the wholesome root of non-hatred as its essence. Therefore