英語訳
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practices. "Maintaining auxiliary practices" means cultivating myriad practices without ceasing the continuity. "Seeking all realms" means seeking to know. "Knowing realms" means having already known. Such activities are called "depending on prajñā."
Entanglement is due to afflictive obstacles preventing attainment of nirvana. Although afflictive obstacles and cognitive obstacles both function as impediments, they differ slightly. Cognitive obstacles merely cover objects and prevent knowing them as they truly are, like illusions. Afflictive obstacles bind the mind to birth-death and prevent freedom. Therefore afflictions are like nets binding objects, thus following the net's function. Cognitive obstacles are like stones blocking and obstructing the other side. Therefore the character for "doubt" follows beside "stone." For this reason, afflictions bind the mind to birth-death, preventing attainment of nirvana, hence called "nirvana obstacles." Cognition covers objects preventing true knowledge, hence called "bodhi obstacles."
Regarding confused entanglement and the two obstacles: In reality both can obstruct the two fruits. The meaning of entangling and obstructing nirvana should not be confused. Because entanglement and obstruction exist in both obstacles, both obstruct the two fruits.
Terror arises from being defeated by others. First is fear of not surviving. The Six Pāramitā Sutra says: "Constantly accumulating wealth from fear of not surviving." Present hopes may mean hoping others don't know? The sutra's fourth section lists these. Fear of death - the sutra says: "Cherishing body and life, fearing their loss." Loving body-life and fearing loss stems from having self-view. Fear of evil destinies - the sutra says: "Creating unwholesome karma, fearing following evil destinies, constantly being terrified." Not encountering buddhas now means that even if one creates evil karma, if one meets a buddha, one can repent sins without fear. Fear of crowds - the sutra says: "When needing to speak in large assemblies, harboring terror." The sutra calls this "fear of assembly's威德
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majesty." If one cultivates prajñā practice, all these terrors will not arise, because the mind dwells in the gate of emptiness.
Inversion means calling what is no-self "self." First listing the names of seven inversions.
"Regarding the latter four types... called other afflictions": This explains the meanings of the seven inversion names. The latter four types are the four inversions of permanence, pleasure, self, and purity. Distinguishing permanence, pleasure, etc. among these four inversions is called "conceptual inversion." "View inversion" means accepting, desiring, establishing, and grasping regarding the previous four inversions. "Mind inversion" refers to other afflictions. Among these three, ignorance means nescience. Because this is the root of all delusions, it is the essence of the four inversions. In explaining the essential nature, "one aspect of universal attachment view" means after self-view, calculating annihilation and permanence is called "extreme view." One aspect of this is permanence-view. Permanence-view establishes permanence inversion. "Discipline and prohibition grasping" - pleasure inversion consists of discipline-prohibition grasping and hatred. Through non-Buddhist views, one grasps receiving precepts as supreme and considers this the path. "View grasping" - (purity inversion consists of view grasping and hatred as essence.) Through six-category meanings, twenty-five truths, etc., one establishes self thinking it supreme. View grasping grasps as superior; discipline grasping grasps as path. Regarding satkāya-dṛṣṭi (self-view), the commentary says: "In the present Mahāyāna understanding, the self-like characteristics appearing on consciousness are not substantially existent - they are false dharmas. Also, they are not completely non-existent, as dependent nature they constitute object-conditions. Being neither substantially existent nor false, they are merely dependent transforming dharmas, the foundation of self. Also, depending on what is attached one should call them false; depending on what is transformed one should call them existent. Unlike other schools' definitively real or definitively false, they are called 'transforming.' This includes 'what belongs to self,' not merely self-
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view." Other schools refers to Sarvāstivāda and Sautrāntika. Sarvāstivāda calls it "existing-body view" (definitively existent). Sautrāntika calls it "false body view" (definitively false). Mahāyāna differs from these two. Here, grasping the non-real body as real is called self-view.
Regarding dream-thoughts, "therefore called dream-thoughts": Dreams arise from conceptualization. Because one grasps various object-conditions when awake, one discriminates various meanings during sleep. Then thoughts arise in dreams, grasping meanings as when awake. "Seven inversions arise from false arising" means false conceptualization is the cause, seven inversions the effect.
"Or previous inversions... indicating dream-thoughts": Previously explaining seven inversions through false conceptualization referred to cause-effect within one lifetime. Now it explains that due to seven-inversion causes from past lives, one receives dream-thought effects in this life. The objects one encounters in this life are all like objects in dreams.
"In Sanskrit, nirvana... meaning of tranquil nature": This explains the word "nirvana" in "ultimate nirvana." "Essence pervades everywhere" explains the character "complete." "Nature tranquil" explains the character "peaceful."
"Although suchness nature... explains there are four types": Suchness neither increases nor decreases. Depending on the exhaustion of conditioned conditions, realizing it has distinctions.
First, "self-nature purity... true-characteristic suchness": All non-sentient beings completely possess this. Their nature is pure without defilement. The treatise says: "Its nature is originally peaceful, therefore called nirvana."
Second, "no-dwelling-place... pure suchness": The commentary says "Great compassion and prajñā constantly support" means this shows that connecting with this nirvana generates wisdom and compassion. Therefore through wisdom-compassion one connects with and realizes suchness. Therefore regarding the two of birth-
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death and nirvana, one dwells in neither. Though connecting with this gives rise to the two functions of compassion and wisdom, because the essential nature is peaceful it is called nirvana. "Eliminating cognitive obstacles" means this is the principle of dharma-emptiness, therefore the two vehicles do not realize it.
Third, "with-remainder... revealed truth": The commentary says "Shows that though causes are exhausted, suffering's basis is not yet exhausted. Because karmic fruition remains, it is still called 'with-remainder dependence.'" Also: "Here 'with remainder' refers to the two vehicles, because it speaks of having only subtle suffering-dependence. Dependence means the dependent body. This nirvana is revealed through what is abandoned. Because characteristics are difficult to see in Mahāyāna, it is explained through easier aspects."
Fourth, "without-remainder dependence... revealed suchness": The treatise says "All sufferings permanently peaceful, therefore called nirvana." The commentary says "The conditioned aggregate-fruits' dependence is permanently exhausted. Through afflictions being exhausted, fruits also do not arise. This is called attaining nirvana. Also, really explaining the essence should be interpreted as applying to all three vehicles." The treatise says "All sentient beings have only the first one. Two-vehicle non-learners can have the first three. Only our World-Honored One can be said to possess all four. How does the Well-Gone have 'with-remainder dependence'? Though without real dependence, it appears to exist. Or exhaustion of suffering-dependence is called 'without-remainder dependence'; it's not that having suffering-dependence is called 'with-remainder dependence.'"
"Some places depend on the first... originally nirvana": The first is self-nature pure nirvana. "Some depend on the second... not attaining nirvana": The second is no-dwelling-place nirvana. The two vehicles don't attain it; bodhisattvas partially attain it.
"Some depend on the second... same awakening (variant: one text has 'no-attainment') liberation": The two types of without-remainder nirvana are attained equally by the three vehicles. Though the essence differs, the name is the same, therefore called "partial." Like saying "the three vehicles equally have only