英語訳
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【Right margin top】Kakumushō Hoketsu Hōmon, Volume 1
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【Upper Section】
The Four Characteristics of What Can Be Perfumed
The treatise says: First is the nature of firm abiding. If a dharma continues as one type from beginning to end and can maintain habitual energy, then it is what can be perfumed. This blocks the transforming consciousnesses and sounds, winds, etc., whose nature is not firmly abiding, so they are not what can be perfumed. Second is neutral nature. If a dharma is impartial with nothing opposing it and can accommodate habitual energy, then it is what can be perfumed. This blocks good and defiled [dharmas] whose power is strong and vigorous, having no capacity for accommodation, so they are not what can be perfumed. Due to this, the Tathāgata's eighth pure consciousness only carries old seeds and does not newly receive perfuming. Third is the nature of being perfumable. If a dharma is autonomous and its nature is not firm and dense, and can receive habitual energy, then it is what can be perfumed. This blocks mental factors and unconditioned dharmas—depending on others and being firm and dense, they are not what can be perfumed. Fourth is the nature of harmonious combination with what can perfume. If it is simultaneous and co-located with what can perfume, neither identical nor separate, then it is what can be perfumed. This blocks other bodies, moments, before and after—having no meaning of harmonious combination, they are not what can be perfumed. Only the ālayavijñāna, possessing these four characteristics, can be what is perfumed, not mental factors, etc. (Text)
The Four Characteristics of What Can Perfume
The treatise says: First is having arising and ceasing. If a dharma is not permanent, can have function, and develops habitual energy, then it is what can perfume. This blocks the unconditioned—not changing before and after, having no developmental function, so it is not what can perfume. Second is having superior function. If there is arising and ceasing with vigorous power that can induce habitual energy, then it is what can perfume. This blocks the karmic consciousness and its mental factors, etc.—having weak and inferior power, they are not what can perfume. Third is having increase and decrease. If there is superior function that can increase or decrease and implant habitual energy, then it is what can perfume. This blocks the perfect good dharmas of Buddhahood—having no increase or extinction, they are not what can perfume. If they could perfume, they would not be perfect, and there should be superior and inferior among former and later Buddhas.
【Lower Section】
Fourth is transforming in harmonious combination with what can be perfumed. If simultaneous and co-located with what can be perfumed, neither identical nor separate, then it is what can perfume. This blocks other bodies, moments, before and after—having no meaning of harmonious combination, they are not what can perfume. Only the seven transforming consciousnesses and mental factors with superior power that increase and decrease, possessing these four characteristics, can be what can perfume.
The Four Types of Neutral Mind
Among the three natures, good and evil are evident. In neutral nature, they are divided into two types: obscured-neutral and unobscured-neutral. "Obscured" means concealing and obstructing one's own mind, so it is called "obscured." It is neither good nor unwholesome, so it is called "neutral." That is, among the defiled, it is not dharmas that extremely harm and afflict self and others. What extremely harms and afflicts is precisely evil. "Unobscured" refers to these four types: karmic maturation, deportment, craftsmanship, and supernormal results. Their nature is weak with no meaning of concealment, so they are called "unobscured." Not being good or unwholesome, they are called "neutral." "Karmic maturation" refers to what is brought about by good and evil karma. "Deportment" refers to the neutral mind that arises in connection with walking, standing, sitting, and lying. "Craftsmanship" refers to the neutral mind that arises in connection with various crafts and skills. "Supernormal results" refers to the mind that generates supernormal powers for playful activities. What is for benefit is precisely good. Within the arising of deportment and craftsmanship, there are also good and evil minds arising. However, here we take the neutral mind as this dharma.
The Three Transforming Consciousnesses
First is the karmic-maturation transforming consciousness, which is the eighth. Second is the deliberating transforming consciousness, which is the seventh. Third is the object-cognizing transforming consciousness, which is the first six consciousnesses. The characteristics of the eight consciousnesses are like the distinctions in the hundred dharmas section,
【Left Page】
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【Left margin top】Kakumushō Hoketsu Hōmon, Volume 1
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【Upper Section】
and so forth—all should be understood according to that.
The Three Aspects of Ālaya
The eighth ālaya has three types of aspects. First is the intrinsic aspect. This consciousness possesses the meanings of container, what is contained, and what is clung to as container, so it is called "storehouse consciousness." This is precisely this consciousness's intrinsic aspect. "Container and what is contained" means it mutually conditions the seven transforming consciousnesses. "What is clung to as container" means manas clings to it as the inner self. Though this self's intrinsic aspect has many positions, we provisionally take the storehouse consciousness. Why? Because it is first encompassed, the fault is grave, and by raising this, one generates aversion. Second is the resultant aspect. That is, it is the karmic maturation fruit produced by good and unwholesome karma of cyclic existence in the three realms and five destinies. Apart from this life-faculty, species-commonality, etc., it cannot be obtained, so it serves as the fundamental basis of sentient beings' fruition. Though this consciousness's resultant aspects are manifold, we provisionally take karmic maturation because it is broad and not shared. Third is the causal aspect. This consciousness can maintain the seeds of all dharmas without letting them be lost, so because it is called "consciousness of all seeds," it serves as the causal aspect. Though the consciousness's causal aspects are manifold, because maintaining seeds is not shared, this is specifically explained.
The Three Stages of Ālaya
First is the stage of self-love attachment to storage. From beginningless time until the fulfillment mind of the seventh ground. Therefore, the name "ālaya" is first abandoned. Second is the stage of good and evil karma. From beginningless time until the diamond-like mind of the tenth ground. Therefore, the name "karmic maturation" is broad during the causal stage. Third is the stage of continuous maintenance and grasping. From beginningless time until Buddhahood. Because it maintains uncontaminated seeds until the exhaustion of the future.
The Three Meanings of Perfuming
【Lower Section】
First is nominal perfuming. That is, the individual proximate seeds of conditioned dharmas. There are two types of names: First is meaning-expressing names, which are distinctions of sounds that can explain meanings. Second is object-revealing names, which are mind and mental factor dharmas that can understand objects. Seeds perfumed according to these two types of names serve as individual causal conditions for conditioned dharmas. Seeds perfumed according to meaning-expression: for example, when someone speaks the name of blue color, hearing this and conditioning on blue, having a mind with superior function perfumes seeds, etc. Seeds perfumed according to object-revealing names: when a mind with superior function conditions on objects and perfumes seeds—this is precisely that. Second is self-attachment perfuming. That is, through false discrimination, perfuming seeds regarding self and what belongs to self. There are two types of self-attachment: First is innate self-attachment, which is self and self-possession attachment to be eliminated through cultivation. Second is discriminative self-attachment, which is self and self-possession attachment to be eliminated through insight. Seeds perfumed according to these two self-attachments cause distinctions of self and other among sentient beings, etc. Third is link-existence perfuming. That is, karmic seeds that bring about the karmic maturation fruits of the three realms. There are two types of link-existence: First is contaminated good, which is the action-link capable of bringing about lovable fruition results in human and heavenly realms. Second is various unwholesome [actions], which are action-links capable of bringing about unlovable fruition results in hell, hungry ghost, and animal realms. Seeds perfumed according to these two link-existences cause distinctions of good and evil destinies in karmic maturation fruits. One should know that self-attachment and link-existence perfuming, regarding differential fruits, are contributory conditions, not causal conditions. Those causal conditions are only nominal perfuming seeds. That is, the proximate causal conditions of self and other sentient beings are individual nominal seeds. What assists in creating distinctions is the power of self-attachment perfuming. The proximate causal conditions for the various distinctions of the three realms and five destinies are also nominal seeds. What assists in creating distinctions is the power of link-existence perfuming. (That is to say)