英語訳
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In the Lin Commentary, the characteristics of disciplinary and intermediate [precepts] are explained in relation to the ten good precepts, all as described in that commentary. Fearing prolixity, this is abbreviated.
Three Types of Origination
Distant causal origination, proximate causal origination, and momentary origination. Distant causal origination refers to the two intentions of deliberation and determination. Regarding this, there are two: taking deliberating intention as distant preparation, and naming determining intention as proximate preparation. Proximate causal origination refers to the first moment of superior moving-producing intention. Momentary origination refers to the second moment and beyond.
Four Conditions and Three Dependencies
Causal condition, immediately preceding condition, objective condition, and dominant condition—these are called the four conditions. "Causal condition" refers to seeds producing manifest activity, manifest activity perfuming seeds, and seeds producing seeds. These three all intimately produce their own fruits, producing their own essence, and necessarily do not produce other fruits of different dharmas and different births, so they are called causal conditions. Various intimate causes are the ultimate. The immediately preceding condition means that within one aggregate, two dharmas do not coexist—that is, mind-kings etc. do not coexist. Therefore, necessarily the preceding moment must cease before the succeeding moment can arise. One should know that the succeeding moment uses the preceding moment as a condition for arising. Therefore, the preceding moment's dharmas are called immediately preceding conditions. This applies only to the sequential before-and-after of manifest mental dharmas within their own aggregate, not to various material dharmas, seeds, etc. Objective conditions refer to the objective realms of various minds and mental factors serving as conditions for dharma-cognizing minds. These are only dependent-nature and unconditioned dharmas, not imagined nature, because they completely lack substantial nature and power.
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There are two types: intimate objective conditions and distant objective conditions. The intimate refers to aspect-parts; the distant refers to external objects. Regarding dominant conditions: if they are of mixed essence, the previous three causal conditions are also dominant. If they are of separate essence, then excluding the previous three, all other conditions are this. This refers to the five material sense organs serving as conditions for dependent consciousness, etc. The especially excellent are the twenty-two faculties. When dharmas arise, they necessarily depend on the four conditions. When material dharmas arise, they necessarily depend on two conditions, excluding the immediately preceding and objective conditions. "Three dependencies" refers only to mental dharmas: First is causal condition dependency—one's own seeds. Second is dominant condition dependency—the inner six sense bases. Third is immediately preceding condition dependency—the preceding mind. As clarified in the fourth and seventh [treatises], etc.
Fifteen Dependency-Places
First is verbal dependency-place—namely verbal language. Based on this, the following-explanation cause is established. This means the speaker becomes the cause for what is spoken. Second is reception dependency-place—namely what is depended upon by the receiver. Based on this place, the depending cause is established. By depending on this, those various phenomena are made to arise, abide, achieve, and attain. Third is habitual tendency dependency-place—namely external seeds (external seeds means the seeds of plants and trees) in their immature stage. Based on this place, the drawing cause is established because it can draw forth its own fruits. Fourth is moistened seed dependency-place—namely internal and external seeds that have matured. Based on this place, the arising cause is established. This is the dependency-place—namely internal and external seeds that have matured. Based on this place, the arising cause is established because it can give rise and is close to its own fruit. Fifth is immediately ceasing dependency-place—namely the immediately preceding conditions of minds and mental factors. Sixth is realm dependency-place—namely the objective conditions of minds and mental factors. Seventh is faculty dependency-place—namely the six sense faculties that minds and mental factors depend on. Eighth is function dependency-place—namely functions regarding instrumental causes (such as plows, etc.—understand the rest by analogy). This means
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assisting present conditions other than seeds. Ninth is agent dependency-place—namely regarding performed activities, the agent's (specifically human, or broadly including dharma meanings) function. This means creating present conditions other than seeds. Tenth is true view dependency-place—uncontaminated view, excluding drawing its own seeds, can assist in drawing and realizing uncontaminated dharmas. Based on these six collectively (the six from immediately preceding through true view), the encompassing cause is established—namely encompassing five to produce contaminated dharmas, and completely encompassing six to produce uncontaminated ones. Eleventh is accordance dependency-place—namely neutral, good, and afflicted present seed various formations being able to accord with dharmas of the same type and superior quality. Based on this place, the eliciting cause is established because it can elicit the same type of superior practices and can draw and attain unconditioned dharmas. Twelfth is differential function dependency-place—namely conditioned dharmas each having differential power capable of arising and realizing regarding their own fruits. Based on this place, the specific difference cause is established because it is called capable of producing fruits of its own realm, etc., and each capable of attaining fruits of its own vehicle. Thirteenth is harmonious combination dependency-place—namely from reception through differential function dependency-places, having harmonious power in the arising, abiding, achieving, and attaining fruits. Based on this place, the common activity cause is established—namely from depending through specific difference (the causes established from reception place through differential place) all perform the same activities of arising, etc. Fourteenth is obstruction dependency-place—namely dharmas that can obstruct in the matters of arising, abiding, achieving, and attaining (frost [acting] on green leaves, etc.—understand the rest by analogy). Based on this place, the contrary cause is established—namely because it can oppose matters such as greenness, etc. Fifteenth is non-obstruction dependency-place—namely not obstructing in the matters of arising, abiding, achieving, and attaining (various according causes). Based on this place, the non-contrary cause is established—namely because it does not oppose matters of arising, etc. The general meaning is thus. The contrary cause mentioned here refers to the contrary belonging to each contrary cause on the fruit level being called contrary cause. Namely, when frost and snow cause yellow leaves to arise, these yellow leaf fruits
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can oppose greenness, so green leaves naturally cease. The cessation of conditioned dharmas does not wait for causes, because if cessation waited for causes, it should not be cessation. "Cause" means the meaning of accordance and benefit establishment, so it is thus. The explanation of cause names is provisionally abbreviated. As in the eighth treatise's fundamental commentary, etc.
Five Fruit Distinctions
First is karmic maturation fruit—namely contaminated good and unwholesome karmas招come retribution. Second is similar-flow fruit—namely fruits of the same type as good, etc., dharmas, or resembling previous karma with later fruits following in turn (such as short life due to killing karma). Third is liberation fruit—namely what is realized when uncontaminated paths eliminate obstacles, taken as fruit. Fourth is agent fruit—namely the activities performed by various agents borrowing various instruments (various craftsmen borrowing realms, etc.). Fifth is dominant fruit—namely fruits obtained other than the previous four. Also as clarified in the eighth volume, etc.
Two Types of Birth-and-Death
First is segmented birth-and-death—so-called ordinary death. This produces the coarse karmic maturation fruits of the five destinies in those three realms. The length of body and life has definite limits according to the power of causes and conditions, so it is called "segmented." Those who receive this retribution are all ordinary beings through two-vehicle non-learners' dependent bodies, and among bodhisattvas, those of sudden awakening before the grounds, and if compassion is predominant, through the completion of the seventh ground. Second is transformational birth-and-death—so-called subtle karmic maturation fruits produced by bodhisattvas' inconceivable power. Through non-vow power transforming body and life, having no definite limits, it is called "transformational." Those who experience this retribution are gradual awakening before the grounds, sudden awakening above the grounds, and if compassion is predominant (a small portion among gradual awakening also exists), from the eighth ground and above. These bodily characteristics are extremely deep and subtle. Now clarifying the general outline, by analogy...