英語訳
## Tōdai-ji (東大寺)
*(Located to the north of Kasuga Shrine. Also known as Taikegonji [大華厳寺]; also called Kōsetsu Kegonji [恒説華厳寺] (according to the* Buppō Dentsū-ki *[仏法伝通記]); also called Kokubun-ji [国分寺]; and also Konkōmyō Shi-tennō Gokoku no Tera [金光明四天王護国之寺, "Temple Protecting the Nation by the Golden Light and the Four Heavenly Kings"] (according to the* Shoku Nihongi *[続日本紀]).)*
This temple was founded by the vow of Emperor Shōmu and was completed during the Tenpyō Shōhō era (749–757). Its doctrinal tradition is one of study encompassing all eight schools of Buddhism, with the Sanron (Three Treatises) and Kegon (Flower Garland) schools as its foundation. A place where musk deer sleep among pinks and parrots peck at golden peaches — it is truly a sacred precinct worthy of comparison to the Jetavana Grove (給孤園, Gikōon).
**West Great Gate (西大門, Saidaimon)**
*[According to the* Nara Shiseki Kō *[平城趾跡考], this is the southwestern gate of Tōdai-ji, located at Kumoi-zaka slope. It is popularly known as "Kumoi-zaka-mon" or "Kokubun-mon." The nameplate (gaku) was written by Kōbō Daishi [弘法大師, i.e., Kūkai] and bears the inscription "Konkōmyō Shi-tennō Gokoku no Tera."*
*The border of the plaque depicts images of Brahmā (梵天), Indra (帝釈), and the Four Heavenly Kings (四天王), measuring eight shaku in length and six shaku in width. After the gate fell into ruin, the plaque was stored in the Tōdai-ji Grain House (穀屋) Treasury (宝蔵), and the gate's foundation stones remain to the east of Kumoi-zaka.]*
**South Great Gate (南大門, Nandaimon)**
*[The nameplate was written by Kōbō Daishi. In ancient times, a certain temple administrator served as head of the Tōnain [東南院] for one generation. He maintained that while this temple embraces all eight schools, it particularly honors the Sanron and Kegon schools, and asked, "How could it be confined to Kegon alone?" — whereupon the plaques of both the west and south gates are said to have been removed.]*
**Great Buddha Hall (大仏殿, Daibutsuden)**
*[According to the* Chōya Gunzai *[朝野群載], the hall stands fifteen jō and six shaku tall, twenty-nine jō east to west, and seventeen jō north to south. The height of the stylobate (基砌) is seven shaku; east to west thirty-two jō and seven shaku, north to south twenty jō and six shaku. The inner sanctum has ninety-six pillars, and the ceiling area is 3,120 units. The surrounding corridors have 580 pillars, spanning eighty-five ken east to west and one hundred ken north to south. These are the dimensions from the original construction during the Tenpyō era.]*
**Principal Image: Seated Statue of Vairocana Buddha (盧舎那仏坐像, Rushana-butsu zazō)**
Height: five jō, three shaku, five sun. *(The* Shoku Nihongi *gives five jō; the* Shakusho *gives sixteen jō.)*
Materials used in casting:
*[Refined copper (熟銅): 739,560 kin; white tin (白錫): 12,638 kin; refined gold (練金): 10,436 ryō; copper (銅): 58,620 ryō; charcoal: 16,356 koku. These are the materials used in the original construction; for full details, see the* Chōya Gunzai*.]*
The origins (濫觴, ranshō) of this Buddha image lie in the devout faith of Emperor Shōmu. There was a monk of incomparable wisdom and practice named Rōben Sōjō (良弁僧正, Bishop Rōben).
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One night, while the Emperor was dozing, he had a dream in which the bishop's previous life was revealed: he had been a monk in Tang China, and having aroused the aspiration to travel to India (天竺, Tenjiku) to practice the Buddhist Law, he arrived at the River of Flowing Sand (流砂川, Ryūsha-kawa — the desert river), but having no money for the fare, he could not cross. At that time, the Emperor (in a former life) was the ferryman, and moved with compassion by the monk's aspiration, he ferried him across free of charge. The monk rejoiced greatly and swore: "In your next life, you shall surely become a king of a nation." Now that His Majesty is lord of the Land of the Rising Sun (日域, Nichii-ki — Japan), and Sōjō is that very monk of old — so ran the imperial dream. After this vision, His Majesty conceived the great wish to erect the Great Buddha. *(* Shakusho *[釈書])*
Accordingly, the Minister of the Right, Lord Tachibana (右大臣橘公, Udaijin Tachibana no Kimi), was dispatched as imperial envoy to the Grand Shrine of Amaterasu at Ise to offer prayers for the casting of the sacred image. An envoy was also sent to Usa Hachiman Shrine (宇佐八幡宮) in Buzen Province. *(* Shoku Nihongi *)* When the divine oracles of both shrines accorded with the Emperor's wishes, in the tenth month of Tenpyō 15 (743), at the Shigaraki Palace (紫香楽宮) in Ōmi Province, it was determined that the great image of Vairocana should be made. *(* Shoku Nihongi *)* Bishop Gyōki (行基僧正) received the imperial command and solicited contributions (勧進, kanjin) from warriors and commoners throughout the land. The written vow (発願の疏, hotsugan no sho) was composed by the Emperor himself in his august hand. Monks from the four great temples all gathered, music was performed, the central pillar was erected, the mold (型, ikata) for the great image was prepared, and the Emperor himself pulled the rope. Yet the project did not succeed there, and in the fourth month of the seventeenth year (745), the court relocated to the capital of Nara. *(* Shoku Nihongi *)* In the eighth month of the same year, the Emperor resolved once again to cast the great image, and into the sleeve of his imperial robe he placed earth…
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