翻刻
又小高之向抔者隣領も兼而申合援兵等差出万之手筈合図等をも定置都而実用之覚悟を主と致しー
可成丈不益之雑費不相懸土着之士農兵等相用候共家々之都合宜敷様致永久之備相立候儀を専一ー
ニ被心懸候義肝要ニ候是者畢竟夷賊之儀者船鑑を以渡来之事ニ候間彼等ニ不利有之時ハ■■而又隣ー
地へも可罷越義も可有之日本者四面海洋ニ臨ミ候 御国柄ニ候得共定り高場所も無之間何時何方へ可罷越も
難計候得ハ沿海平常其備有之候得者 御不外聞之儀も有之間敷候彼異族之儀ハ一国ニ無之西洋諸ー
国ニ候ヘハ国々之船共不絶罷越候様相成候時者奔命ニ疲れ 御国地之疲弊とも可及事ニ付何方もー
永久手当有之様備有度事ニ候乍去前々も如申其備厳重ニ候迚も実用薄く入費者莫太相成領内其
為ニ及疲弊候様ニ而者是又人気不和合之基ニ而候間其等之辺をも被心付手厚ノ備とて外見而已ニ拘り内
実者国内之困窮ニ相成其上却而実用薄き候様ニ而者不宜間只々外見ニ不拘実用永久之備相立候様被心懸可然候
異賊西洋諸国之儀ニ而 御国地を覬覦致し候事与察候時者此方ニ而も御国内一体之力を以防禦致し候
事ニ無之候而者多寡之勢力行届申間敷訳ニ付兎角万一之節者隣領ゟも力を合セ相互ニ援助致し候手
筈等も厚く申合凡日本国中ニある所貴賤上下となく万一夷賊共 御国威をも蔑にしたる不敬不法之
働抔あらハ誰かハ是を憤らさらん然者則日本闔国之力を以相拒ミ候趣意ニ相弁候ハヽ諸侯者藩屛之任を
不忘御旗本之諸士御家人等ハ 御膝元之御奉公を■百姓ハ百姓たけ町人ハ町人たけ銘々持寄当然之筋
を以力を尽し其筋々之御奉公致し候義是弐百年来之沢ニ浴し候 御国恩を報する義与厚く心懸候得ハ即
惣国之力を尽し候趣意ニ相当り候間沿海之儀者相互ニ一和之力を尽し可被申候就而者家々之疲弊大切
之事ニ候間簡便ニして実用足り候様之勘弁肝要之事ニ付触面之手厚と申而已ニ泥ミ且外見無益之失
費を不懸実用永久之備第一ニ被心懸候様可被致候尤時宜ニ寄 御安堵之為領内之処置等見置之者被
差遣候義も可有之候間此旨寄々諸家へ被申聞置候様可被致候事
〇年礼其外御祝儀事ニ付老中若年寄中江廻勤有之候節見物之者多く立集門前格別及混雑候向後右体之義
無之様可致候若見物之者罷在候ハヽ出役候者姓名等承糺候儀も可有之候間其段兼而可相心得候 右之通可被相触候 十二月
〇出火之節惣而見物ケ間敷者罷出間敷并馬上之火元見火口江乗込申間敷旨前々相触候処兎角火近之場所江立集消
防上往来之妨ニ相成候間右触之趣厚く相守心得違之義無之様家来末々迄急度可被申付置候 右之通可被相触候
十二月
〇於日光山御法事
四月
十三日 初日
十四日 中日
十五日 結願日
〇当四月於日光山御法事中前々之通式日立合内寄合可被仕候勿論拷問手鎖或者籠舎或者縄懸候
類之儀可為無用候
一御法事中普請鳴物祭礼法事等不及相止候事
一嘉永三庚戌年二月朝老中牧野備前守殿ト 御逢対 御出之節御尋書之写
去酉十二月異国船渡来之義ニ付重キ御趣意通被仰出諸事実用ニ本付相心得置候様との御触達之趣ニ付尚又心得方相伺申候
一異国船渡来之節ハ早速役人共指出左之趣承糺候心得ニ御座候
一食料薪水ヲ乞候哉 一破船修覆之願ニ候哉
右之趣相□□上
現代語訳
【沿海防衛についての続き】
また、小高い場所の向こう側などは、隣領とも事前に申し合わせて援兵等を差し出し、あらゆる手筈・合図等も定めておき、すべて実用の覚悟を主として、できる限り無益な雑費をかけずに、土着の士・農兵等を活用するなど、各家の都合のよいように工夫し、永久の備えを立てることを専一に心がけることが肝要である。これはつまるところ、夷賊（外国の賊）は船をもって渡来するものであるから、彼らに不利な事態が生じた時は、また隣地へも移動することがあり得る。日本は四面が海に臨む国柄であるが、一定の場所があるわけでもないため、いつどこへ来るか計り知れない。したがって、沿海において平常からその備えがあれば、御体裁を損なうことはないであろう。あの異族はひとつの国ではなく西洋諸国のことであるから、各国の船が絶えず渡来するようになった時は、対応に奔走することに疲弊し、国内の疲弊にも及びかねないため、どこも永久の手当・備えを持つことが望ましい。しかし、前々から申す通り、その備えが厳重であっても実用が薄く、費用ばかりが莫大にかかり、領内がそのために疲弊するようでは、これまた人心の不和の元となるため、そのあたりも心がけ、手厚い備えと言いながら外見だけに拘り、内実は国内の困窮となり、その上かえって実用が薄いようでは宜しくないので、ただただ外見に拘らず、実用・永久の備えを立てるよう心がけるべきである。
外賊（西洋諸国）が我が国を狙っていると察した時は、こちらも国内一体の力をもって防禦しなければ、多寡の勢力差を乗り越えることはできない。したがって、万一の節には隣領からも力を合わせ、互いに援助する手筈等を十分に申し合わせておき、およそ日本国中にある者は、貴賤・上下を問わず、万一夷賊共が御国威を蔑にするような不敬・不法な振る舞いがあれば、誰がこれを憤らないでいられようか。そうであれば、すなわち日本全国の力をもって抵抗するという趣意に思い至れば、諸侯は藩屏の任を忘れず、御旗本の諸士・御家人等は御膝元のご奉公を■（尽くし）、百姓は百姓として、町人は町人として、それぞれが持ち寄り、当然の筋をもって力を尽くし、それぞれの立場でご奉公することこそ、二百年来の恩沢に浴してきた御国恩に報いることと厚く心がければ、すなわち総国の力を尽くすという趣意にかなうことになる。したがって、沿海については互いに一致協力して力を尽くすべきである。ついては、各家の疲弊は大切なことであるから、簡便にして実用が足りるよう勘弁（工夫）することが肝要であり、触れ状の「手厚く」という言葉のみに縛られ、外見だけに無益な失費をかけず、実用・永久の備えを第一に心がけるようにすべきである。もっとも、時宜によって御安堵のため領内の処置等を見置く者（視察の者）を差し遣わすこともあろうから、この旨を各々諸家へ申し聞かせておくよう致すこと。
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【年礼・祝儀の際の混雑禁止について】
年礼その他の御祝儀の際に、老中・若年寄中へ廻勤がある節、見物の者が多く門前に立ち集まり格別に混雑するため、今後はそのようなことがないようにすること。もし見物の者がいた場合は、出役する者が姓名等を尋ね糺すこともあろうから、その点をかねて心得ておくこと。以上の通り触れ渡すこと。 十二月
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【出火の際の見物・馬上乗込み禁止について】
出火（火事）の節は、一般に見物がましい者は出てくるべきでなく、また馬上の者は火元・見火口（火事場）へ乗り込むべきでない旨、前々より触れ渡してあるところ、とかく火の近い場所へ立ち集まり、消防の妨げとなっているため、右の触れの趣旨を厚く守り、心得違いのないよう家来末々まで厳しく申し付けておくこと。以上の通り触れ渡すこと。 十二月
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【日光山における御法事について】
日光山にて御法事を執り行う。
四月
十三日 初日
十四日 中日
十五日 結願日
当四月、日光山における御法事中は、前々の通り式日に立ち合い内寄合を行うこと。もちろん、拷問・手鎖、あるいは籠舎、あるいは縄掛けの類は無用とすること。
一、御法事中、普請・鳴物・祭礼・法事等はわざわざ中止するには及ばないこと。
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【嘉永三庚戌年（1850年）二月、老中牧野備前守殿へのお伺い書の写し】
去る酉年（嘉永元年、1848年）十二月の異国船渡来の件につき、重き御趣意の通り仰せ出され、諸事実用に基づき心得置くようとの御触達の趣につき、さらに心得方をお伺い申し上げる。
一、異国船が渡来した節は、早速役人共を差し出し、以下の趣旨を承り糺す心得にて御座候。
一、食料・薪水を乞うのか。
一、破船の修覆の願いであるか。
右の趣旨を（相□□上）……
英語訳
**[Continuation on Coastal Defense]**
Furthermore, regarding areas beyond small hills and elevated terrain, arrangements should be made in advance with neighboring domains to dispatch reinforcements, and signals and procedures for all contingencies should be established in advance. The overriding priority should be genuine practical readiness. As far as possible, unnecessary expenditure should be avoided; locally stationed samurai, farmer-soldiers, and the like should be employed as suits each domain's circumstances, and the establishment of a permanent, lasting defense should be the primary concern.
This is because the foreign barbarians come by ship, and when conditions become unfavorable to them, they may move on to a neighboring location. Japan is a nation surrounded on all four sides by ocean, and since there are no fixed locations where they might appear, it is impossible to predict when or where they might arrive. Thus, if coastal defenses are maintained in ordinary times, there should be no cause for national embarrassment. Since these foreign peoples are not from a single nation but from many Western countries, if ships from these various nations begin arriving in an unceasing stream, the burden of responding to them will lead to exhaustion, and this will in turn lead to the impoverishment of the country. It is therefore desirable that every region maintain permanent defensive preparations. However, as has been repeatedly said before, even if such preparations appear formidable, if they lack practical effectiveness while incurring enormous costs—and if the domain becomes impoverished as a result—this will itself become a source of discord among the people. With this in mind, one should take care that, in the name of "thorough preparations," one does not become fixated merely on outward appearances while in reality driving the country into poverty, and, worse still, ending up with preparations that lack genuine practical utility. One should simply disregard outward appearances and make every effort to establish defenses that are genuinely practical and permanent.
When it is judged that the Western nations covet our country, it will not be possible to counter their superior force unless the entire country mobilizes its combined strength for defense. Therefore, in the event of an emergency, neighboring domains should thoroughly coordinate arrangements to combine their forces and provide mutual assistance. Throughout all of Japan, regardless of rank or social class, if the foreign barbarians were to commit disrespectful and unlawful acts that defile the national dignity, who would fail to be angered? If all understand that the intent is to resist with the combined strength of the entire nation of Japan, then the lords will not forget their duty as the nation's protectors; the bannermen (hatamoto), their men, and the retainers (gokenin) will fulfill their service at the seat of government; farmers will do their part as farmers; townspeople will do their part as townspeople—each contributing according to their station, exerting their utmost effort in their respective roles. If all earnestly understand that this constitutes repayment of the national benevolence they have enjoyed for two hundred years, it will correspond to the intent of exhausting the full strength of the entire nation. Therefore, all parties along the coast should exert their strength in unity and cooperation. Furthermore, since the impoverishment of individual domains is a matter of grave concern, it is essential to exercise ingenuity so that preparations are simple yet sufficient in practical terms. One should not be bound solely by the phrase "thorough preparations" in the proclamation, nor incur wasteful expenses on outward appearances alone; rather, practical and lasting defense should be the foremost priority. It should also be noted that, depending on circumstances, an inspector may be dispatched for the sake of the people's peace of mind to observe the state of preparations within each domain. This should be communicated and explained in advance to the various houses accordingly.
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**[On Prohibiting Crowding During New Year Visits and Ceremonial Calls]**
During New Year courtesy calls and other ceremonial occasions when rounds of visits are made to the Senior Councillors (rōjū) and Junior Councillors (wakadoshiyori), large numbers of spectators have been gathering in front of the gates, causing considerable congestion. Henceforth, such occurrences are to be prevented. Should spectators be found present, the officials on duty may question and record their names and identities, and all parties should be aware of this in advance. The above is to be proclaimed accordingly. Twelfth Month.
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**[On Prohibiting Spectating and Mounted Entry at Fires]**
Regarding fires: it has long been proclaimed that persons who merely come to watch should not appear, and that those on horseback should not ride into the vicinity of the fire source or the scene of the blaze. Nevertheless, people continue to gather near the fire, obstructing firefighting efforts. Therefore, all parties shall strictly adhere to the previously issued proclamation, and household retainers down to the lowest ranks shall be firmly instructed to commit no violations. The above is to be proclaimed accordingly. Twelfth Month.
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**[On the Memorial Service at Nikkō-san]**
A memorial service (hōji) is to be conducted at Nikkō-san.
Fourth Month:
- 13th Day: Opening Day
- 14th Day: Middle Day
- 15th Day: Concluding Day
During the memorial service at Nikkō-san this Fourth Month, as has been customary, formal attendance on ceremony days and internal gatherings (uchi-yoriai) shall be held. Needless to say, interrogation under torture, hand-shackles, confinement, or the application of restraining ropes shall be dispensed with during this period.
- Item: During the memorial service, construction work, musical performances, festivals, and other religious services need not be suspended.
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**[Copy of an Inquiry Submitted in the Second Month of Kaeei 3 (1850), the Year of the Dog, upon an Audience with Senior Councillor Makino, Lord of Bizen]**
Regarding the matter of foreign vessels arriving, as stated in the weighty proclamation issued last Twelfth Month of the Year of the Rooster, which instructed all parties to bear in mind the importance of practical measures in all things: we hereby inquire further into the proper course of conduct.
- Item: When a foreign vessel arrives, officials shall immediately be dispatched and shall inquire into the following matters:
- Item: Is the vessel requesting food and water?
- Item: Is the vessel requesting repairs due to shipwreck or damage?
The above matters having been (ascertained, [the response shall be reported accordingly])…