英語訳
## [Section Three: The Proper Measure of Taking Medicine, Continued]
The foundation of keeping the body at peace necessarily relies upon food; the essential means of rescuing illness necessarily relies upon medicine. One who does not know what foods are suitable is not sufficient to preserve life. One who does not make clear the contraindications of medicine is unable to eliminate disease. These two matters are what is vitally and efficaciously required. If one neglects them and does not study, is this not truly a thing to lament?
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It further states: In general, one who serves as a physician ought to penetrate and perceive (*tōshi*, see through) the source of the disease, know what it is that has been violated, and first treat it through food [i.e., dietary therapy]. If dietary treatment does not bring about a cure, only then should medicine be prescribed. The nature of medicine is harsh and intense; it is like a soldier held in restraint. Given the ferocity and violence of soldiers, how could one permit their deployment at random? If the manner of their use deviates from proper principle, the harm caused will be all the greater. The indiscriminate use of many medicines upon a disease is likewise the same.
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It further states: Zhongjing (仲景, Zhang Zhongjing) said: "For those who wish to treat all manner of diseases, one should first use a *tō* (湯, decoction/liquid medicine) to wash and cleanse the spaces of the Five Viscera and Six Bowels (*gozō roppū*), open and unblock all the vessels (*myaku*), regulate and order *yin* and *yang*, break through the evil pathogen (*ja*) within the body's interior (*tōchū*), moisten and enrich what is dried and withered (*koko*), please and refresh the skin of the person, and augment the person's vital energy and strength. Water is capable of purifying all things — therefore the decoction is used. If in diseases of the four limbs, wind-cold (*fūrei*) flares up and stirs, one should next use a *san* (散, powder/powdered medicine). Powder is capable of driving out evil wind (*jafū*), damp-*qi* (*kishitsu*), and *bi* (痺, obstruction/numbness), which move about between the exterior and interior without any fixed location — the powder can pacify these. Next, use *gan* (丸, pills). Pill medicines are capable of driving out wind-cold, breaking up *shakuju* (積聚, accumulations and gatherings, i.e., abdominal masses), dispersing all manner of firm and hard masses (*kenka*), promoting the intake of food and drink, and regulating *ei-e* (栄衛, *ying* and *wei*, construction and defence *qi*). One who is able to combine and employ all of these appropriately may be called an *upper-grade physician* (*jōkō*, physician of the highest rank). The physician [*i*, 医] is [one of] intention and deliberation [*i*, 意]."
[Interlinear note: Regarding *ei-e* (栄衛, *ying* and *wei* qi) — the *Senkin-hō* (千金方, *Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold*) states: "*Ei* (栄, construction *qi*) is the passage of *qi* through the *rakumyaku* (絡脈, collateral vessels); *wei* (衛, defence *qi*) is the passage of *qi* through the *keimyaku* (経脈, primary channels). *Ei* issues from the *chūshō* (中焦, the Middle Burner); *wei* issues from the *jōshō* (上焦, the Upper Burner)."]
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### The *Yōjō Yōshū* (養生要集, *Essential Collection for Cultivating Life*) states:
Zhang Zhongjing (張仲景) said: "When the human body is in a state of peace and harmony (*heika*), one should simply take good care of oneself (*shōyō*, nourish and foster oneself), and must not carelessly take medicine. Medicine's power (*ikioi*, force) tends to be one-sided in the aid it renders; this will cause the visceral *qi* (*zōki*) of the person to become uneven and unstable, making one susceptible to receiving external pathogenic harm (*gaikan*). Only those who practise *dankoku* (断穀, abstaining from grain, a Daoist/ascetic practice) may regularly use medicine."
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It further states: Xu Wu's (郄悟) "Discussion on Taking Medicine" (*Ronpukuyaku*, 論服薬) states: "For those who wish to take medicinal food, one should first seek out what is suitable according to the nature and principle (*seiri*) of the substance, and carefully discern whether the cold/cooling or warm/warming quality is fitting. One must not simply take something oneself because one has seen another person obtain benefit from it. When first administering medicine (*on'yaku*), first give priority to those derived from **grasses/herbs** (*sō*), then to those from **wood** (*moku*, woody plants/bark/timber), then to those from **stone** (*seki*, minerals). This is the general rule (*taikaku*, the broad principle) for administering medicine. The so-called [principle by which] the refined and the coarse alternate in stages (*kizahashi*, step by step)…"
(Continues on the following page.)