英語訳
## [Section Three: The Proper Measure of Taking Medicine, Continued]
[Continuing from the previous page: "…the refined and the coarse replacing one another step by step…"] — proceeding from the coarse to arrive at the refined.
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### The *Honzō-kyō* (本草経, *Classic of Materia Medica* / *Shennong Bencao Jing*) states:
To treat cold (*kan*, cold-type conditions), use hot medicines (*netsuyaku*, warming preparations). To treat heat (*netsu*, heat-type conditions), use cold medicines (*kan'yaku*, cooling preparations). When food and drink are not being digested, use medicines for inducing vomiting and purging (*toge-no-kusuri*). For *kichū* (鬼注, spirit-possession-type illness with chronic infiltrating pathology) and *kodoku* (蠱毒, gu-toxin, illness caused by venomous creatures or sorcery), use toxic medicines (*dokuyaku*). For *yōshu* (癰腫, abscesses and swellings) and *sōryū* (瘡瘤, sores and lumps), use wound and sore medicines (*sōyaku*). For *fūshitsu* (風湿, wind-damp conditions), use wind-damp medicines. Each should follow what is appropriate to its own condition.
It also states: When the illness is located above the chest and diaphragm (*kyōkaku*), first eat and then take medicine afterwards. When the illness is located below the heart and abdomen (*shinpuku*), first take medicine and then eat afterwards. When the illness is located in the four limbs (*shishi*) and blood vessels (*ketsumyaku*), it is appropriate to take medicine on an empty stomach in the morning (*ashita*, dawn). When the illness is located in the bone marrow (*kotsuzui*), it is appropriate to take medicine on a full stomach at night.
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### The *Hōbokushi* (抱朴子, *Master Who Embraces Simplicity*) states:
Having examined the *Chūkōshi Fukushoku Setsudo* (中黄子服食節度, *The Dietary and Medicinal Regimen of Master Zhonghuang*), it states: "When taking medicines to treat illness, take them before meals. When taking medicines for the cultivation of life (*yōjō*, nourishing life), take them after meals." I put this question to Lord Zheng (*Tei-kun*, 鄭君): "What is the reason for this?" Lord Zheng replied: "It is simple to understand. When one wishes to use medicine to attack an illness, it is appropriate to take it while one has not yet eaten, when the interior is empty (*kyo*, vacuous), so that the potency of the medicine (*dokusei*, the force of the medicinal agent) may easily move throughout [the body]. If one takes it after eating, the medicine will attack the food [in the stomach] and exhaust its power before reaching the illness. On the other hand, if one wishes to cultivate life and takes [the nourishing medicine] before eating, the power of the medicine has not yet begun to work when the food drives it downward, making it impossible for [the medicine] to remain and settle, and it will thus be unable to produce any benefit."
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### Jiang Xiaoyuan (蒋孝琬, *Shō Kōen*) states:
In some cases, a patient who first suffers from cold (*rei*, cold-type condition) and subsequently develops heat — if treating the heat does not bring about recovery, one should then proceed to add and administer medicines of a mild and warming (*heion*, balanced and warming) nature to regulate the condition. If this is not done, the cold condition will instead increase further. Alternatively, when one who suffers from a cold condition (*rei no yamai*) develops heat, in treating it one must not use even a single hot medicine (*netsuyaku*) to attack it, as this will on the contrary result in a continuation or intensification of the heat (*netsushō*, heat sequelae).
It also states: Those whose strength against illness is weak have suffered considerable physical harm and are greatly depleted. The proper method (*hō*, technique/approach) for treating them is first to have them take a small dose or two of a mild and balanced decoction (*heiwatō*, a gentle, harmonising preparation), in order to unblock and harmonise the blood and *qi* (*kekki*), gradually allowing the patient's strength to become stronger and more vital. Only after that should one administer the principal, full-strength medicine (*daiyaku*, major medicine) appropriate to the patient's specific illness.
It also states: Some patients may have been ill for many years and yet remain physically strong; others may have only recently fallen ill and yet have already been reduced to a state of emaciation and weakness (*sōjaku*, thinness and frailty). In these two cases…
[The text continues on the following page.]
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**[Marginal notes at the bottom of the page:]**
Regarding the character *sō* (痩, "emaciation"): The *Song* [edition or commentary] states: *haison* (廃損, deterioration and damage/loss).
The *Setsumon* (説文, *Shuowen Jiezi*, the Han dynasty Chinese character dictionary) states: [The character means something akin to] *yō* (曜). The *fanqie* (反切, phonological spelling) reading is *shō-yū-han* (所祐反, reconstructed pronunciation using the *fanqie* method: initial from 所, final and tone from 祐).