英語訳
shells, gold-painted fans, red copper, tin, summer cloth, cowhide, sandalwood, turmeric fragrance, sappanwood, ebony, pepper, sulfur, grindstones, and other items. Thereafter, most tribute consisted of horses and sulfur. The gifts received were generally court dress, silk fabrics (aya, ra, chō, dan), currency, calendars, coins, and such. After the fall of Ming, [Ryukyu] further returned the previous seal and sent envoys to Qing. The Qing emperor then granted a gold-plated silver seal and performed the investiture. Subsequently, diplomatic tribute continued without interruption. Initially, they offered gold and silver boxes, cups, folding screens, fans, banana fiber cloth, hemp cloth, pepper, sappanwood, swords, spears, armor, saddles, thread, cotton, shell dishes, and other items. Later, it was fixed at 12,600 jin of sulfur, 3,000 jin of shells, 3,000 jin of red copper, and 1,000 jin of tin. The gifts received were mostly silk brocades and embroideries. During the Ming period, because the three kings were invested simultaneously, they were distinguished by the title "King of Chūzan." Even after the three kingdoms were unified, both the investiture seal and documents referred to "King of Chūzan of Ryukyu Kingdom." Under the Qing, the seal inscription was simply "Seal of the King of Ryukyu Kingdom," while investiture documents used "King of Chūzan." Under Ming, [the king held] the rank of junior second grade, one rank below imperial princes when a new king was invested, with a court cap, python robe, and white jade rhinoceros belt. Under Qing, no specific rank was assigned, court dress followed the old system, and in the hierarchy [Ryukyu] was placed below Korea and above Annam and Burma. Tribute was sent once every two years, and in the intervening years...
[Royal Seal Illustration]
[Written horizontally above the illustration] Seal of the King of Ryukyu Kingdom
[To the left of the illustration] The right side shows seal script, the left shows Manchu characters, size as shown in the diagram.