中山伝信録 巻一 - 翻刻

翻刻

　舊-錄￣ニ云￣ク。以＿二木-柹＿一￣ヲ從＿二￣リ船-頭＿一投＿二￣シ海-中＿一￣ニ。人疾￣ク趨￣テ至＿レ￣ル梢￣ニ。人柹同￣ク
　至￣ル。謂＿二￣フ之￣ヲ合-更＿一￣ト。人-行先＿二￣ツヲ於柹＿一￣ニ。爲＿レ不＿レ￣ト及＿レ更￣ニ。人-行後＿二￣ルヽヲ於柹＿一￣ニ。爲
　＿レ過＿レ￣クト更￣ニ。今西-洋￣ノ舶。用＿二￣テ玻-璃-漏＿一￣ヲ定＿レ￣ム更￣ヲ。簡￣ニシテ而易＿レ曉￣シ。細-口大-腹￣ノ
　玻-璃-瓶兩-枚。一-枚￣ニ盛＿レ￣テ沙￣ヲ滿＿レ￣ツ之￣ニ。兩-口上-下對-合￣シ。通＿二￣シテ一-線＿一￣ヲ
　以過＿レ￣ス沙￣ヲ。懸＿二￣ク針-盤-上＿一￣ニ。沙過￣キ盡￣スヲ爲＿二 一-漏＿一￣ト。卽倒轉￣シテ懸＿レ￣ク之￣ヲ。計￣ルニ一-
　晝一-夜。約￣スルニ二-十-四-漏。每-更船六-十-里。約￣スルニ二-漏半有-零。
　人-行先＿二￣ツヲ木-柹＿一￣ニ爲＿レ不＿レ￣ト及＿レ更￣ニ者￣ハ。風慢￣ニシテ船-行緩￣ク。雖＿レ及＿二￣ト漏-刻＿一￣ニ。尚
　無＿二 六-十-里＿一。爲＿レ不＿レ及＿レ更￣ニ也。人-行後＿二￣ルヽヲ於柹＿一￣ニ爲＿二￣ハ過-更＿一￣ト者￣ハ。風疾￣クシテ
　船-行速￣ナリ。當＿レ￣テ及＿二￣ニ漏-刻＿一￣ニ。巳￣ニ踰＿二￣ルヲ六-十-里＿一￣ニ爲＿二過-更＿一-也。

【図】針路圖

現代語訳

旧録に云く、木の柹を船頭から海中に投げ、人が急いで船尾に趋り至る。人と柹が同時に至るを、これを合更という。人の行きが柹に先んずるを、更に及ばずとし、人の行きが柹に後るるを、更を過ぐとする。今西洋の船は、玻璃漏を用いて更を定める。簡にして曉し易い。細口大腹の玻璃瓶二枚、一枚に砂を盛って満たし、両口を上下対合させ、一線を通して砂を過す。針盤の上に懸ける。砂が過ぎ尽すを一漏とする。即ち倒転して懸ける。計るに一昼一夜、約二十四漏。毎更船六十里、約二漏半有余。

人の行きが木柹に先んじて更に及ばざる者は、風が緩やかで船行が遅く、漏刻に及ぶといえども、なお六十里に無く、更に及ばざるなり。人の行きが柹に後れて過更となる者は、風が疾くて船行が速やか。漏刻に及ぶに当たり、已に六十里を踰えるを過更となす。

【図】針路図

英語訳

The old records say: throw a wooden float from the bow into the sea, and have a person quickly run to the stern. When the person and float arrive simultaneously, this is called "matching the watch." When the person arrives before the float, it means "not reaching the watch." When the person arrives after the float, it means "exceeding the watch." Now Western ships use glass hourglasses to determine watches. They are simple and easy to understand. Two glass bottles with narrow necks and large bellies—one bottle is filled with sand, the two openings are joined top and bottom, creating a single line for the sand to pass through. It is suspended above the compass. When the sand finishes passing through, this constitutes one "leak" (time unit). It is then inverted and suspended again. Calculating one day and night gives approximately twenty-four leaks. Each watch the ship travels sixty li, approximately two and a half leaks.

When a person arrives before the wooden float and does not reach the watch, the wind is gentle and the ship moves slowly. Although the time period is reached, it still has not covered sixty li—this is called "not reaching the watch." When a person arrives after the float, creating an "excess watch," the wind is strong and the ship moves quickly. When the time period is reached, it has already exceeded sixty li—this is called "exceeding the watch."

[Illustration] Navigation chart