中山伝信録 巻一 - 翻刻

翻刻

　姑-米＿一￣ニ。乃葉-壁-山￣ナリ也。在＿二國￣ノ西-北＿一￣ニ。始￣テ悟￣ル用＿二￣ルヿ卯-針＿一￣ヲ太￣タ-多￣ク。船東-
　北￣ニ下￣ルヿヲ。若非＿二￣レハ西-北-風＿一￣ニ。不＿レ能＿下提＿レ￣シ舟￣ヲ上-行￣シテ。至＿二￣テ那-覇＿一￣ニ收＿上レ￣ルヿ港￣ニ也。日-
　中￣ニ禱＿二￣ル于神＿一￣ニ。忽轉＿二￣ス坤申-庚風＿一￣ニ。一-時又轉＿二￣ス子-癸＿一￣ニ。陪-臣大￣ニ喜￣フ。
　乃迴＿レ￣シテ針￣ヲ東-南￣ニ行￣ク。指＿二￣シテ一-小-山＿一￣ヲ云￣ク。此￣レ名＿二讀-谷-山＿一￣ト。由＿レ此迤￣メニ轉￣シテ
　卽入＿レ￣ル港￣ニ。日-入￣ニ轉＿二￣ス丑-艮＿一￣ニ。風大￣ニ-熾￣ナリ。用＿二 丙-巳-針＿一￣ヲ。又用＿二 丙-午單-
　卯-針＿一￣ヲ。先＿レ￣キ是￣ヨリ四-五-日前未＿レ見＿レ山￣ヲ。舟-浮￣テ不＿レ動。水-艙將＿レ竭￣ント。衆
　頗￣ル惑￣フ。禱＿二￣ル于神＿一￣ニ。珓-示￣ニ曰。二-十-八-日￣ニ見＿レ山。初-一-日￣ニ到＿レ￣ント港￣ニ。至
　＿レ是￣ニ六-月朔壬-寅。日未＿レ￣ルニ出遂入＿レ￣ル港￣ニ。行＿二￣クヿ海-中＿一￣ヲ凡七-晝八-夜￣ト
　云。《割書：二-號-船｜港-針-簿》
　　《割書：臣｜》葆-光按￣ルニ。琉-球￣ノ針-路。其大-夫￣ノ所＿レ主￣トスル者。皆本＿二￣ク于指-南
　　廣-義＿一￣ニ。其￣ノ失在＿下用＿二￣ユルヿ卯-針＿一￣ヲ太-多￣ク。每￣ニ有＿中￣ルニ落-北￣ノ之患＿上。前-使汪-
　　楫記云￣ク。封-舟多￣ク有＿下飄＿二-過￣シテ山-北＿一￣ニ。巳￣ニシテ復￣タ引-囘＿上￣スル。稽＿二￣ルニ諸￣ヲ使-錄＿一￣ニ。
　　十-人￣ニシテ而九。《割書：明￣ノ嘉-靖十-一-年。陳-侃￣ノ記￣ニ。舟至＿二葉-壁-山＿一￣ニ。小-｜舟四-十。牽-挽￣スルヿ八-日。始￣テ至＿二￣ル那-覇＿一￣ニ。　嘉-靖三-》
　　《割書：十七-年。郭-汝-霖￣ノ記￣ニ。巳￣ニ至＿二姑-米-山＿一￣ニ。頭-目云。得＿二 一-日-夜｜之力＿一￣ヲ。卽未＿二￣ルモ遽￣ニ登＿一レ￣テ岸￣ニ。可＿レ保＿レ不＿レ 下＿二￣ラ葉-壁-山＿一￣ニ矣。可＿レ見下＿二￣ルハ葉-》
　　《割書：壁＿一￣ニ。卽琉-人亦以爲＿レ戒￣ト。　萬-曆四-年。蕭-崇-業￣ノ記￣ニ。六-月｜初-一-日過＿二葉-壁-山＿一￣ヲ。薄＿一￣ル山-下＿一￣ニ。由＿レ此陸-路至＿レ￣ルヿ國￣ニ。兩-日-程》
　　《割書：挽＿レ舟￣ヲ。初-五-日始泊＿二那-覇＿一￣ニ。　康-熙二-年。張-學-禮￣ノ記￣ニ。舟｜抵＿二￣ル琉-球￣ノ北-山＿一￣ニ。與＿二日-本＿一交＿レ界￣ヲ。北-風￣ニ引＿レ￣テ舟￣ヲ南-行￣シ。始￣テ逹＿二￣ス那-》
　　《割書：覇＿一￣ニ。｜》封-舟不＿レ至＿二落-北＿一￣ニ者￣ハ。惟前-明￣ノ冊-使夏-子-陽。及　本-
　　朝￣ノ汪-楫二-人。考＿二￣レハ夏-錄＿一￣ヲ則云￣フ。梅-花-所￣ニ開＿レ￣キ洋￣ヲ。過＿二￣キ白-犬-嶼＿一￣ヲ。

現代語訳

姑米にあらず。乃ち葉壁山なり。国の西北にある。始めて悟る、卯針を用いること太だ多く、船東北に下ることを。もし西北風にあらざれば、舟を提して上行し、那覇に至って港に収めることを能わざるなり。日中に神に祈る。忽ち坤申庚風に転ず。一時また子癸に転ず。陪臣大いに喜ぶ。すなわち針を迴らして東南に行く。一小山を指して云く「これ読谷山と名く。これより迤転してすなわち港に入る」と。日の入りに丑艮に転ず。風大いに熾んなり。丙巳針を用い、また丙午単卯針を用いる。先きこれより四、五日前、未だ山を見ず。舟浮かんで動かず。水艙将に竭きんとす。衆頗る惑う。神に祈る。珓示に曰く「二十八日に山を見、初一日に港に到らん」と。これに至って六月朔壬寅、日未だ出でざるに遂に港に入る。海中を行くこと凡そ七昼八夜と云う。《二号船港針簿》

臣葆光按ずるに、琉球の針路、その大夫の主とする所の者、皆指南広義に本づく。その失は卯針を用いること太だ多きにあり。毎に落北の患いあり。前使汪楫記して云く「封舟多く山北に飄過するありて、已にして復た引回す」と。諸使録を稽するに、十人にして九なり。《明の嘉靖十一年、陳侃の記に、舟葉壁山に至り、小舟四十、牽挽すること八日、始めて那覇に至る。嘉靖三十七年、郭汝霖の記に、已に姑米山に至り、頭目云く「一日夜の力を得れば、すなわち遽に岸に登るに未だらずとも、葉壁山に下らざることを保つべし」と。見るべきは葉壁、すなわち琉人も亦以て戒めとなす。万暦四年、蕭崇業の記に、六月初一日葉壁山を過ぎ、山下に薄る。これより陸路国に至ること、両日程舟を挽く。初五日始めて那覇に泊す。康熙二年、張学礼の記に、舟琉球の北山に抵り、日本と界を交う。北風に舟を引かれて南行し、始めて那覇に達す》封舟落北に至らざる者は、惟前明の冊使夏子陽、及び本朝の汪楫二人のみ。夏録を考えれば則ち云う「梅花所に洋を開き、白犬嶼を過ぎ」と。

英語訳

[It is] not Gumi. It is actually Habi-zan (Leaf Wall Mountain). It is located to the northwest of the country. [We] finally realized that we had used the Mao needle too much, causing the ship to drift northeast. If there had not been a northwest wind, we would not have been able to steer the ship northward and reach Naha to enter the port. At midday we prayed to the gods. Suddenly [the wind] turned to Kun-Shen-Geng. After a while it turned again to Zi-Gui. The accompanying minister was greatly pleased. We then turned our course and headed southeast. Pointing to a small mountain, [he] said: "This is called Yomitan-yama. From here we turn gradually and then enter the port." At sunset [the wind] turned to Chou-Gen. The wind became very strong. We used the Bing-Si needle, and also used the Bing-Wu Dan-Mao needle. Previously, four or five days before this, we had not yet seen any mountains. The boat floated motionless. The water tanks were about to run dry. Everyone was quite bewildered. We prayed to the gods. The divination indicated: "On the twenty-eighth day you will see mountains, on the first day you will reach the port." Reaching this point on the first day of the sixth month, Mizunoe-Tora, before sunrise we finally entered the port. We traveled at sea for approximately seven days and eight nights. {{Ship No. 2 Port Navigation Log}}

Minister Baoguang notes: Regarding Ryukyu's navigation routes, what the officials there principally rely on is all based on the "Comprehensive Guide to Navigation." The error lies in using the Mao needle too much. This frequently results in the problem of drifting north. The previous envoy Wang Ji recorded: "Investiture ships often drift past the northern mountains and then have to turn back." Examining the various envoy records, nine out of ten [experienced this]. {{In the 11th year of Jiajing of the Ming (1532), Chen Kan's record states: The ship reached Habi-zan, [with] forty small boats towing for eight days before finally reaching Naha. In the 37th year of Jiajing (1558), Guo Rulin's record states: Having already reached Gumi-zan, the navigator said: "If we can get one day and night's favorable wind, even if we don't immediately reach shore, we can ensure not drifting down to Habi-zan." It can be seen that even the Ryukyuan people regard Habi as a warning. In the 4th year of Wanli (1576), Xiao Chongye's record states: On the first day of the sixth month we passed Habi-zan, approaching close to the mountain. From there it was a two-day journey by land route to reach the country, towing the boat. On the fifth day we first anchored at Naha. In the 2nd year of Kangxi (1663), Zhang Xueli's record states: The ship reached the northern mountains of Ryukyu, at the border with Japan. Pulled south by north winds, we finally reached Naha.}} The only investiture ships that did not drift north were those of the former Ming's册使 Xia Ziyang and our dynasty's Wang Ji - just these two people. Examining Xia's record, it states: "At Meihua-suo we opened to the ocean, passed White Dog Islet..."