中山伝信録 巻一 - 翻刻

翻刻

　姑米乃葉壁山也在國西北始悟用卯針太多船東
　北下若非西北風不能提舟上行至那覇收港也日
　中禱于神忽轉坤申庚風一時又轉子癸陪臣大喜
　乃迴針東南行指一小山云此名讀谷山由此迤轉
　卽入港日入轉丑艮風大熾用丙巳針又用丙午單
　卯針先是四五日前未見山舟浮不動水艙將竭衆
　頗惑禱于神珓示曰二十八日見山初一日到港至
　是六月朔壬寅日未出遂入港行海中凡七晝八夜
　云《割書：二號船｜港針簿》
　　《割書：臣｜》葆光按琉球針路其大夫所主者皆本于指南
　　廣義其失在用卯針太多每有落北之患前使汪
　　楫記云封舟多有飄過山北巳復引囘稽諸使錄
　　十人而九《割書：明嘉靖十一年陳侃記舟至葉壁山小｜舟四十牽挽八日始至那覇　嘉靖三》
　　《割書：十七年郭汝霖記巳至姑米山頭目云得一日夜｜之力卽未遽登岸可保不下葉壁山矣可見下葉》
　　《割書：壁卽琉人亦以爲戒　萬曆四年蕭崇業記六月｜初一日過葉壁山薄山下由此陸路至國兩日程》
　　《割書：挽舟初五日始泊那覇　康熙二年張學禮記舟｜抵琉球北山與日本交界北風引舟南行始逹那》
　　《割書：覇｜》封舟不至落北者惟前明冊使夏子陽及　本
　　朝汪楫二人考夏錄則云梅花所開洋過白犬嶼

現代語訳

姑米ではなく葉壁山であり、国の西北に位置している。ここで初めて卯針を使いすぎて船が東北に流されたことを悟った。もし西北風でなければ船を引き上げて那覇の港に入港することはできない。日中に神に祈ったところ、突然坤申庚風に転じ、一時してまた子癸風に転じた。陪臣は大いに喜び、針路を東南に向けて進み、一つの小山を指して「これは読谷山という名前で、ここから迂回して港に入る」と言った。日入時に丑艮風に転じて大いに吹き荒れ、丙巳針を用い、また丙午単卯針を用いた。これより四五日前、山が見えず船は浮かんで動かず、水槽の水が尽きそうになって皆が困惑していた。神に祈って占いを行ったところ、「二十八日に山が見え、初一日に港に到着する」と示された。そして六月朔日壬寅、日が昇る前に港に入った。海上を航行すること合計七昼八夜であった。

《注記：二号船｜港針簿》

《注記：臣｜》葆光が考察するに、琉球への針路でその大夫が主張するものは皆『指南広義』に基づいている。その誤りは卯針を使いすぎることにあり、いつも北に流される患いがある。前使の汪楫の記録によれば「封舟の多くは山の北を通り過ぎて、その後引き返している」とある。使節の記録を調べると十人中九人が《注記：明嘉靖十一年陳侃の記録では船が葉壁山に至り小｜舟四十隻で牽引し八日かけてようやく那覇に至った　嘉靖》《注記：三十七年郭汝霖の記録では既に姑米山に至り頭目が「一日夜の｜力を得れば、まだすぐには上陸しないが葉壁山より下らないことは保証できる」と言った。葉》《注記：壁より下ることは琉球人も戒めとしている　万暦四年蕭崇業の記録では六月｜初一日に葉壁山を過ぎ山の下に薄く、ここから陸路で国まで二日の行程》《注記：船を牽引して初五日にようやく那覇に泊まった　康熙二年張学礼の記録では船が｜琉球北山の日本との境界に着き北風で船を南に引いてようやく那》《注記：覇に達した｜》封舟が北に流されなかったのは前明の冊使夏子陽と　本朝の汪楫の二人のみである。夏の記録を調べると「梅花の開いた海を過ぎ白犬嶼を過ぎ」とある。

英語訳

[These mountains] are not Gumi but Hekibi Mountain, located to the northwest of the kingdom. Here we first realized that we had used the Mao compass bearing too much and the ship had drifted northeast. Without a northwest wind, we would not be able to raise the ship and enter the port of Naha. At midday we prayed to the gods, and suddenly the wind turned to Kun-Shen-Geng, then after a while turned again to Zi-Gui. The accompanying minister was greatly pleased, turned the compass bearing southeast, and pointed to a small mountain saying, "This is called Yomitan Mountain; from here we will turn and enter the port." At sunset the wind turned to Chou-Gen, blowing fiercely, using the Bing-Si compass bearing and also the Bing-Wu single Mao compass bearing. Four or five days before this, when no mountains were visible and the ship floated motionless, the water tanks were nearly exhausted and everyone was quite perplexed. We prayed to the gods and cast divination, which indicated: "On the 28th day mountains will be seen, on the 1st day we will reach port." And so on the 1st day of the 6th month, Mizunoe-Tora (壬寅), before sunrise we entered the port. In total we sailed the seas for seven days and eight nights.

《Marginal note: Ship No. 2 | Port compass record》

《Marginal note: Minister |》 Baoguang's analysis: The compass routes to Ryukyu that the officials advocate are all based on the "Compass Guide Expanded Meaning." The error lies in using the Mao compass bearing too much, always suffering from drifting north. According to the record of former envoy Wang Ji: "Many investiture ships drifted past the north of the mountains and then had to turn back." Examining the envoy records, nine out of ten... 《Marginal note: In the 11th year of Jiajing of the Ming, Chen Kan recorded that when the ship reached Hekibi Mountain, forty small | boats towed it for eight days before finally reaching Naha. In Jiajing》《Marginal note: 37th year, Guo Rulin recorded that having reached Gumi Mountain, the headman said "If we gain one day and night's | strength, though we won't immediately land, we can guarantee not going below Hekibi Mountain." Going below Heki-》《Marginal note: bi is something even the Ryukyu people take as a warning. In the 4th year of Wanli, Xiao Chongye recorded that on the | 1st day of the 6th month they passed Hekibi Mountain, staying close to the foot of the mountain; from here it's a two-day overland journey to the kingdom》《Marginal note: Towing the boat, they finally moored at Naha on the 5th day. In the 2nd year of Kangxi, Zhang Xueli recorded that the ship | reached the northern mountains of Ryukyu at the border with Japan, and the north wind pulled the ship south before finally reaching Na-》《Marginal note: ha |》 The only investiture ships that did not drift north were former Ming册使 Xia Ziyang and our dynasty's Wang Ji. Examining Xia's record, it says "passing through the ocean where plum blossoms bloom, past White Dog Islet..."