中山伝信録 巻一 - 翻刻

翻刻

　　又取東沙嶼丁上風用辰㢲針八更船取小琉球
　　山未上風乙卯針二更取雞籠申酉上風用甲卯
　　針四更船取彭家山亥上風用乙卯針三更船未
　　上風用乙卯針三更船取花瓶嶼丁未上風用乙
　　卯針四更船取釣魚嶼丙午上風用乙卯針四更
　　船取黃尾嶼丙上風用乙卯針七更船丁上風用
　　辰㢲針一更取姑米山又辰㢲針六更船取土那
　　奇翁居里二山《割書：今譯爲度那奇安根呢｜山二山在馬齒山之西》又辰㢲一
　　更取馬齒山到港汪錄則云《割書：本錄不載見｜洋舶針簿内》乙辰八
　　更取雞籠頭用辰多辰㢲三更取梅花嶼單卯十
　　更取釣魚臺北邊過乙辰四更取黃尾嶼《割書：得力在｜此四更》
　　《割書：船身提上巳見黃尾嶼下用甲卯｜針取姑米定是正西風利故也》甲卯十更取姑
　　米山乙卯七更取馬齒山甲寅并甲卯取那覇港
　　蓋自雞籠山東行釣魚嶼赤尾嶼以至姑米山諸
　　山皆在南借爲標準俱從山北邊過船見山則針
　　正應見不見則針巳下漸東北行必至見葉壁山
　　矣要其病皆由于用卯針太多又不能相風用針
　　夫西南風固皆爲順而或自午或自丁或自未與

現代語訳

また東沙嶼を取り丁上風で辰巽針を用い八更で船は小琉球山を取った。未上風で乙卯針を二更用い雞籠を取り申酉上風で甲卯針を四更用い船は彭家山を取った。亥上風で乙卯針を三更用い船は未上風で乙卯針を三更用い花瓶嶼を取った。丁未上風で乙卯針を四更用い船は釣魚嶼を取り丙午上風で乙卯針を四更用い船は黃尾嶼を取った。丙上風で乙卯針を七更用い船は丁上風で辰巽針を一更用い姑米山を取った。また辰巽針を六更用い船は土那奇翁居里二山を取った《注記：今は度那奇安根呢｜山と訳される。この二山は馬齒山の西にある》。また辰巽を一更用い馬齒山を取って港に到着した。汪の記録では《注記：本記録には記載されず洋｜舶針簿内に見える》乙辰八更で雞籠頭を取り辰多辰巽を用い三更で梅花嶼を取り単卯を十更用い釣魚臺北邁を過ぎ乙辰四更で黃尾嶼を取った《注記：有利なのは｜この四更である》《注記：船体が持ち上がって既に黃尾嶼が見えた下で甲卯｜針を用い姑米を取るのは正西風が有利だからである》。甲卯十更で姑米山を取り乙卯七更で馬齒山を取り甲寅並びに甲卯で那覇港を取った。

思うに雞籠山から東行し釣魚嶼、赤尾嶼から姑米山に至るまで、諸山は皆南にあって標準として借用し、すべて山の北邊を通る。船が山を見れば針路は正しく、見えなければ針路は既に下がって漸次東北に行き、必ず葉壁山を見ることになる。その病根は皆卯針を用い過ぎることと、風を見て針路を定めることができないことによる。

そもそも西南風は固より皆順風であるが、或いは午から、或いは丁から、或いは未からと

英語訳

Then taking Eastern Sand Islet with Ding upper wind, using Chen-Xun compass bearing for eight watches, the ship took Little Ryukyu Mountain. With Wei upper wind using Yi-Mao compass bearing for two watches, took Jilong, with Shen-You upper wind using Jia-Mao compass bearing for four watches, the ship took Pengjia Mountain. With Hai upper wind using Yi-Mao compass bearing for three watches, the ship with Wei upper wind using Yi-Mao compass bearing for three watches took Flower Vase Islet. With Ding-Wei upper wind using Yi-Mao compass bearing for four watches, the ship took Diaoyu Islet, with Bing-Wu upper wind using Yi-Mao compass bearing for four watches, the ship took Yellow Tail Islet. With Bing upper wind using Yi-Mao compass bearing for seven watches, the ship with Ding upper wind using Chen-Xun compass bearing for one watch took Gumi Mountain. Again using Chen-Xun compass bearing for six watches, the ship took the two mountains of Tonaki and Kumejima 《Marginal note: Now translated as Tonaki and Aguni | Mountains. These two mountains are west of Kerama Mountain》. Again using Chen-Xun for one watch, took Kerama Mountain and arrived at port. Wang's record states 《Marginal note: Not recorded in this account, seen in | the ocean vessel compass record》 Yi-Chen eight watches to take Jilong Head, using Chen-duo Chen-Xun three watches to take Plum Flower Islet, single Mao ten watches to take the north side past Diaoyu Platform, Yi-Chen four watches to take Yellow Tail Islet 《Marginal note: The advantage lies in | these four watches》《Marginal note: The ship's hull lifted up and Yellow Tail Islet was already visible below, using Jia-Mao | compass bearing to take Gumi is definitely because the due west wind is favorable》. Jia-Mao ten watches to take Gumi Mountain, Yi-Mao seven watches to take Kerama Mountain, Jia-Yin together with Jia-Mao to take Naha Port.

From Jilong Mountain sailing east through Diaoyu Islet and Red Tail Islet to Gumi Mountain, all these mountains are situated to the south, borrowed as reference points, all passed on their northern sides. When the ship sees the mountains, the compass bearing is correct; when not visible, the compass bearing has already dropped and gradually goes northeast, inevitably leading to sighting Hekibi Mountain. The root of this problem all stems from using the Mao compass bearing too much and inability to read the wind when setting compass bearings.

Now, southwest winds are naturally all favorable, but whether coming from Wu, or from Ding, or from Wei, and