中山伝信録 巻六 - 翻刻

翻刻

　市中交易用銭無銀銭無輪廓間有旧銭如鵞眼大
　磨漫処或有洪武字巳絶少今用者如細鉄糸圏一
　貫不及三四寸許重不逾両許貫口封一紙扣鈴記
　之散即不可用毎千値国銀二分二釐《割書：明万暦中蕭｜崇業夏子陽》
　《割書：等録即云国中用黒銅銭極軽小千不盈掬凡五｜貫折銀一銭則其来巳久本国称為鳩字銭云》其
　平日皆行寛永通宝銭《割書：銭背無字或有一文字按日｜本寛永元年為前明天啓二》
　《割書：年歳在壬戌此日本旧銭也銭模大小亦与前明万｜暦銭相埒銭質皆赤銅毎百値国銀一銭二分国朝》
　《割書：典彙云琉球市用日本｜銭以十当一為近是》臨時易之使還則復其旧国
　中旧有洪武銭永楽十一年又賜永楽銭天順二年
　王請照永楽宣徳間例所帯貨物以銅銭給賜礼部
　寝之　本朝又無賜銭之例故其国少中国銭
　婦女小民家簪用玳瑁長尺許倒揷髻中翹額上髻
　甚鬆前後偏堕疑即所謂倭堕髻也不穿耳聞国中
　大家女亦然無脂粉無首飾珠翠倶廃不用足無所
　矯揉或穿半襪或着三板或赤足行沙土中手背皆
　有青点五指脊上黒道直貫至甲辺腕上下或方或
　円或鬌為形不等不尽如梅花也女子年十五即針
　刺以墨塗之歳歳増加官戸皆然聞先国王曽欲変

現代語訳

市中の取引では銭を用い、銀は使わない。銭には輪郭がなく、時折古い銭があり、鵞眼ほどの大きさで摩耗している箇所もある。あるいは洪武の文字があるがすでに非常に少ない。今使用されているものは細い鉄線を輪にしたようで、一貫でも三四寸ほどに満たず、重さも二両を超えない。一貫ごとに封紙で包み、鈴印を押している。散らばると使用できない。千枚で国銀二分二釐の価値がある。《割書：明万暦中蕭崇業・夏子陽等の記録では、国中では黒銅銭を用い、極めて軽小で千枚でも一握りに満たず、およそ五貫で銀一銭に替えるとあり、その来歴は久しい。本国では鳩字銭と称している》

普段はすべて寛永通宝銭を流通させている。《割書：銭の裏には文字がないか、一文字があるのみ。日本の寛永元年は前明の天啓二年、歳在壬戌にあたる。これは日本の旧銭である。銭の模様や大小も前明の万暦銭と同程度である。銭の材質はすべて赤銅で、百枚で国銀一銭二分の価値がある。国朝典彙には琉球の市場では日本銭を用い、十で一に当てるとあり、これが近い》臨時にこれに替え、使者が帰ると元に戻す。

国中には古くから洪武銭があり、永楽十一年にまた永楽銭を賜った。天順二年、王は永楽・宣徳年間の例に倣って、持参する貨物に銅銭を給賜するよう請願したが、礼部がこれを退けた。本朝にも銭を賜与する例がないため、その国には中国銭が少ない。

婦女や庶民の家では、簪に玳瑁を用い、長さ一尺ほどで、髻に逆さに挿して額の上に翹らせる。髻は非常に緩く、前後に偏って垂れ下がり、いわゆる倭堕髻と思われる。耳は穿たず、国中の大家の女も同様と聞く。脂粉はなく、首飾りや珠翠もすべて廃して用いない。足には何の矯正もせず、半襪を穿くか、三板を着けるか、裸足で砂土の中を歩く。手の甲にはすべて青い点があり、五指の背上に黒い道が甲の辺まで直に貫いている。手首の上下に方形や円形、あるいは鬌の形など様々で、梅花のようではない。女子は十五歳になると針で刺して墨を塗り、年々増やしていく。官戸もすべて同様である。先の国王がかつて変えようと

英語訳

In market transactions, coins are used, not silver. The coins have no rims, and occasionally there are old coins about the size of goose eyes with worn areas. Sometimes they have Hongwu characters, but these are already very rare. Those currently in use are like thin iron wire formed into circles - one kan measures less than three or four inches and weighs no more than two ryō. Each kan is wrapped in paper and stamped with a bell seal. Once scattered, they cannot be used. A thousand coins are worth two bu and two rin of national silver. {{Small text: According to records by Xiao Chongye and Xia Ziyang during the Wanli era of the Ming, the country used black copper coins that were extremely light and small - a thousand coins wouldn't fill one's cupped hands, and roughly five kan exchanged for one qian of silver. This practice has long history. The home country calls them "dove character coins."}}

In daily life, they circulate Kan'ei Tsūhō coins exclusively. {{Small text: The reverse of the coins either has no characters or just one character. Japan's Kan'ei 1 corresponds to Tianqi 2 of the former Ming dynasty, the year of mizunoe-inu. These are old Japanese coins. The coin patterns and size are also comparable to the Wanli coins of the former Ming. The coin material is all red copper, with one hundred coins worth one qian and two bu of national silver. The National Dynasty Compendium states that Ryukyu markets use Japanese coins with ten equaling one, which is close to accurate.}} They temporarily exchange to these, and when envoys return, they revert to the old system.

The country has long had Hongwu coins, and in Yongle 11 was also granted Yongle coins. In Tianshun 2, the king requested that copper coins be granted for goods brought, following the precedent of the Yongle-Xuande period, but the Ministry of Rites rejected this. Since this dynasty also has no precedent for granting coins, that country has few Chinese coins.

Women and commoners use tortoiseshell hairpins about one shaku long, inserted upside-down into their hair knots and curved up over their foreheads. The hair knots are very loose, drooping unevenly front and back - this appears to be what is called the "Japanese drooping knot." They do not pierce their ears, and I hear the women of great houses throughout the country are the same. They use no rouge or powder, and necklaces and pearl ornaments are all abandoned and unused. Their feet undergo no binding - they either wear half-socks, wooden clogs, or walk barefoot in sand and dirt. The backs of their hands all have blue dots, with black lines running straight across the backs of their five fingers to the nail edges. Above and below the wrists are various shapes - square, round, or other forms - not uniform and not like plum blossoms. When girls reach fifteen, they pierce with needles and apply ink, adding more each year. Official households all follow this practice. I heard that a former king once wanted to change