中山伝信録 巻六 - 翻刻

翻刻

　墓皆穴山為之既窆壘以石貴家則磨石方整亦建
　拝台墓門遠望如橋門更有穴山葬在層崖之上者
　女墓前挂棕葉片扇白巾男墓前白布笠立杖草履
　木屐揷花筒設香炉則男女墓皆同
　男女食皆不同器各設具別食食余棄之与客会飲
　不各設具一杯伝飲筯一双着盎間同用今其貴官
　対客亦效中国同器分筯飲食或其居常尚仍旧俗
　耳夏子陽録云居官言事必具酒二壺至其家跪而
　酌之酌畢告以所事云
　　剃頂髪
　前明琉球人皆不剃髪惟不用網巾万暦中冊使謝
　行人杰閩之長楽人母舅某従行携網巾数百事至
　無可售謝使遅冊封礼久不行云本国既服中華冠
　帯冊封曰如陪臣有一不網巾者冊事不挙琉人競
　市一空福建至今相謔強市者則云琉球人戴網巾
　也至　本朝始剃頂髪自国王以下皆遵時制留外
　髪一囲綰小髻於頂之正中首里与久米人皆無異
　夏子陽録云首里人髻居偏久米人髻居中今不然

現代語訳

墓は皆山に穴を掘って作る。埋葬が済むと石を積み上げる。貴族の家では石を磨いて方形に整え、また拝台や墓門を建てる。遠くから望むと橋の門のようである。さらに層崖の上に山を掘って葬る者もある。女性の墓の前には棕櫚の葉片、扇、白巾を掛け、男性の墓の前には白布の笠を立て、杖、草履、木履を置き、花筒を挿す。香炉を設けることは男女の墓とも同じである。

男女の食事は皆異なる器を用い、各々別々に食器を設けて食べ、食べ残しは捨てる。客と会食する時は別々に食器を設けず、一つの杯を回し飲みし、一組の箸を盎の間に置いて共用する。今、その貴官が客に対する時も中国に倣って同じ器で箸を分けて飲食する。あるいはその日常においては尚旧俗のままであろう。夏子陽録に云う「官に居る者が事を言う時は必ず酒二壺を具えてその家に至り、跪いてこれを酌む。酌み終わって所事を告げる」と。

【剃頂髪】
前明の頃、琉球人は皆髪を剃らず、ただし網巾は用いなかった。万暦中、冊使の謝行人杰（閩の長楽の人）の母の兄某が従行して網巾数百を携え、事に至るも売ることができなかった。謝使は冊封礼を遅らせ、久しく行わず、「本国は既に中華の冠帯に服している。冊封の日、もし陪臣に一人でも網巾をしない者がいれば、冊事は挙行しない」と言った。琉球人は競って市で買い求め、一斉に売り切れた。福建では今に至るまで強引に売りつける者を嘲笑って「琉球人が網巾を戴く」と言う。本朝に至って初めて頂髪を剃るようになった。国王以下皆時制に遵い、外髪一囲を残して小髻を頂の正中に綰ぶ。首里と久米の人は皆異なることがない。夏子陽録に「首里人の髻は偏に居り、久米人の髻は中に居る」と云うが、今はそうではない。

英語訳

All tombs are made by digging caves in mountains. After burial, stones are piled up. Wealthy families polish stones into square shapes and also build worship platforms and tomb gates. Viewed from afar, they look like bridge gates. There are also those who dig mountain caves for burial on layered cliffs. In front of women's tombs, palm leaf pieces, fans, and white cloths are hung; in front of men's tombs, white cloth hats are erected, with staffs, straw sandals, and wooden clogs placed, and flower vases inserted. Setting up incense burners is the same for both men's and women's tombs.

Men and women all use different vessels for eating, each setting separate utensils and eating separately, discarding leftovers. When dining with guests, they do not set separate utensils but pass around one cup for drinking and place one pair of chopsticks between the vessels for shared use. Now when their high officials host guests, they also follow Chinese customs of using the same vessels while dividing chopsticks for eating and drinking, though in their daily life they probably still maintain old customs. The Record of Xia Ziyang states: "When those in office speak of matters, they must bring two jugs of wine to the house, kneel and pour it, and after pouring is finished, tell of their business."

【Shaving the Top Hair】
In the former Ming period, Ryukyu people did not shave their hair at all, only they did not use hair nets. During the Wanli era, the imperial envoy Xie Xingren Jie (a person from Changle in Fujian) had his maternal uncle accompany him, carrying several hundred hair nets, but when the time came, none could be sold. Envoy Xie delayed the investiture ceremony and did not perform it for a long time, saying "This country already wears Chinese caps and belts. On the day of investiture, if even one retainer does not wear a hair net, the investiture will not be carried out." The Ryukyu people competed to buy them in the market and sold out completely. In Fujian, to this day they mock those who force sales by saying "Ryukyu people wearing hair nets." It was only in this dynasty that they began to shave the top hair. From the king down, all follow the current system, leaving one circle of outer hair and tying a small topknot in the exact center of the head. The people of Shuri and Kume are no different from each other. The Record of Xia Ziyang says "Shuri people's topknots are positioned to the side, Kume people's topknots are in the center," but this is not so now.